化学诱变剂对玉米种子萌发及根尖细胞分裂和染色体的影响 摘 要：采用3种化学诱变剂（洗衣粉、洗洁精、重金属镉）处理玉米种子，研究其种子萌发、幼苗的生长情况及根尖细胞分裂和染色体变化情况。结果表明，低浓度的洗衣粉溶液(0.1 g/L)、洗洁精溶液 (0.1 g/L) 、镉溶液（5 mg/L）具有提高玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根系活力、细胞有丝分裂指数的作用，并能促进芽和根的生长，随着化学诱变剂处理浓度的增加，这些指标均呈下降趋势；但细胞微核率在低浓度和高浓度的洗衣粉溶液、洗洁精溶液、重金属镉溶液中都呈升高趋势。当洗衣粉溶液、洗洁精溶液和镉溶液浓度分别高于0.5 g/L、0.5 g/L、20 mg/L时，玉米幼苗的地上部分和地下部分生长均受到抑制，具体表现为苗高降低、茎弯曲、根长变短、根畸形等。上述分析说明3种化学诱变剂对玉米种子萌发及玉米根尖细胞分裂和染色体均有不同程度的影响。
关键词：化学诱变剂；种子萌发；细胞分裂；微核率；玉米
Effect of Chemical Mutagen on Seed Germination and
Root Tip Cell Division and Chromosome of Maize
Abstract: Three kinds of chemical mutagens such as laundry detergent, cleanser essence and cadmium ion was adopted to process corn seeds, Seed germination, condition of seedling growth and root tip cell division and chromosomal changes was studied. The results showed that low concentration of laundry detergent (0.1 g/L), cleanser essence (0.1 g/L) and cadmium ion(5 mg/L) could not only promote germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root vigor, cell mitosis index, but also could promote the growth of buds and roots, these indicators showed a downward trend when the concentration of chemical mutagens increased; But cell micronucleus rate showed a upward trend in low or high concentration of laundry detergent, cleanser essence and cadmium ion. When the concentration of laundry detergent, cleanser essence and cadmium ion were higher than 0.5 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 20 mg/L, the ground and underground growth of corn seedling were suppressed, embodied in lower seedling height, bending of the stem, shorter length of the root, abnormality of the root. It showed that three kinds of chemical mutagens had varying degrees of impact on seed germination and root tip cell division and chromosome of maize.
Key words: Chemical mutagen; Seed germination; Cell division; Micronucleus rate; Maize
目录
摘 要 1
引言 2
1. 材料与方法 2
1.1 材料 2
1.1.1 玉米种子 2
1.1.2 药品与试剂 2
1.2 仪器 2
1.3 方法 2
1.3.1 各种化学诱变剂的配制 2
1.3.2 种子处理 3
1.3.3 各种指标测定 3
2. 结果与分析 3
2.1 化学诱变剂对玉米种子发芽特性的影响 4
2.2 化学诱变剂对玉米种子发芽指数和活力指数的影响 4
2.3 化学诱变剂对玉米幼苗芽、根生长状况的影响 5
2.4 化学诱变剂对玉米根系活力的影响 5
2.5 化学诱变剂对玉米根尖细胞微核率和有丝分裂指数的影响 6
3. 结论与讨论 6
3.1 化学诱变剂对玉米种子萌发的影响 7
3.2 化学诱变剂对玉米幼苗根系生长状况的影响 7
3.3 化学诱变剂对玉米根尖细胞染色体和有丝分裂的影响 7
3.4 化学诱变剂对玉米种子萌发的影响机理 7
参考文献 9
致谢 11,3679