MCS51单片机反向解剖以及正向设计的研究
摘要
StudyonMCS一5IMieroController’sReverseAnatomizationandToP一DownDesignAbstraetTheworldwideeleetroniesindustry15raPidlymovingforwardovethePastdeeades.Assilieonteehnologyhaserossedthedee
submieronthreshold，eeandesigntensofmillionsoftransistorsonsingleehiP.That15tosaysemieonduetorhasenteredintotherealm“SystemonaChip(SoC)”.TheresearehontheteehnoloofIpeordesign15eoneernedbybothresearehsoeietyandindustryworl
BeeauseofthewideuseofMCS一51MieroControllerandtheimPortanmeaningofMCUeoredesign，westudyonMCS一51reverseanatomiztionandToP一DownDesignThegoalofthisartiele15todesignaMCS一51MieroControllerehiTheMainworkandaehievementsareasfollows:①MCS一5一ieroController15studied.Theresultoftheresearehtiminganalysis、featurepiekingup，②MCS一1MieroControllerehiPhasbeenanatomized.Basedontehip’5photo，wegetthewholesehematiesandfinishedthelayo
design.Duringthelayoutdesign，usingL一Edittools，DRCandERhavebeendone.ThedesignoftheehiP15totallyaeeomPlishedbydetasimulation.
③ThedesignofMCS一51MieroController15followedtheToP一Dowdesignway，ineludingsystemPartition、eoding(VHDL)、RTLsimulationsynthesis、gatelevelsimulationeet，DifferentEDAtoolsareuseddifferentPhase，suehasCadenee、Modelsim、SynPlify6，0、MaxPlus10.0and50on.TheteehnologyofoPtimizationdesignbasedonMCSMieroContr0llerreserVeanatomization15alsodiseussed.
Inaword，theehiPwillbesoldoPenlyinthemarketsoon.ThereushardwareeoreandsoftwareeorearePrimarilysueeeeded.
:MCS一51MieroController、EDA、HDL、Ip
在过去的几十年中，电子工业飞速发展。集成电路制造工艺已经通过了深亚
微米极限，使得IC设计者可以在单个芯片上集成上千万个晶体管，集成电路进
入了片上系统(SOC)王国。IP核的设计也就越来越受到理论界和工业界的关
注，而MCS一51单片机芯片应用非常广泛，同时掌握MCU设计技术也非常重
要。因此，本论文对MCS一51单片机芯片进行了反向解剖和正向设计的研究。
本论文的目的是设计MCS一51单片机芯片，主要工作和取得的成果如下:
①对MCS一51单片机进行分析研究，包括MCS一51单片机工作原理、指令
系统、时序分析、特征提取等。并在此基础上完成反向解剖和正向设计MCS一51
芯片。
②对MCS一51单片机进行反向解剖，根据解剖芯片的照片提取电路图，并
利用L一Edit完成版图设计。版图设计过程中要进行设计规则检查、电气规则检
查等。完成逻辑图划分、整理功能块以及版图与逻辑图一致性验证后，进行硬核
仿真，以便于确保芯片功能完全正确。
③对MCS一51单片机进行正向设计，包括系统划分、编写代码、RTL级仿
真与综合、门级仿真等。在设计的不同阶段分别使用了Cadence、Moddsim、
SynPlity6.0、MaxptusH10.0等EDA工具。同时基于MCS一51单片机的反
向解剖讨论了优化正向设计，减少综合后门数的设计方法。
总之，通过反向解剖和正向设计，我们得到一个即将投入市场的MCS一51
单片机芯片，初步实现一个可以重复使用的硬核和软核模块。
关夔何:Mcs一51单片机，电子设计自动化，硬件描述语言、知识产权
摘要
目录
录
第一章绪论
1引言······························……1
2集成电路的发展趋势与现状3集成电路的设计方法········……3
4我有J的工作···········....……5
第二章MCS一51单片机的原理
1MCS一51单片机芯片的概述2MCS一51单片机的内部结构与工作原理3MCS一51单片机的时序功能分析4MCS一51单片机的指令系统2.4.1MCS一51单片机的指令集························……12
2.4.2MCS一51单片机的寻址方式17
5MCS一51单片机指令集的分类检索与特征提取······················……18
第三章MCS一51单片机的反向解剖
1反向解剖概述·············.................……21
2MCS一51的基本器件模型···········……22
3.2.1CMOS集成电路的特点········……22
3.2.2门电路················……22
3.2.3锁存器、D触发器····…25
3.2.4数据选择器·······…‘.…26
3.2.5RAM单元··········...……27
3.2.6异或电路············……28
3MCS一51子电路的逻辑功能分析·····················……29
3.3.1时钟电路·····，··················……，.29
一32
3.3.3定时器/计数器····································……34
4MCS一51单片机的总体电路································……36
目录
36
3.5.1版图的设计方法·································……36
3.5.2版图的设计规则···························..，··……，37
3.5.3MCS一51的总体版图·······，········~········……42
3.5.4逻辑图与版图的一致性验证·················一43
6MCS一51硬核的仿真44
第四章MCS一51单片机的正向设计
1正向设计概述·····。······················.·......·......……52
2MCS一51单片机各功能模块的正向设计····……54
4.2.1端口模块的设计·····························……54
4.2.2译码电路模块的设计················……56
4.2.3包集合模块的设计··························，··……58
4.2.4程序计数器PC模块的设计··········……59
4.2.5算术运算单元ALU模块的设计··············……59
4.2.6时钟模块的设计····4······，·，···················……60
3MCS一51单片机总体框图与总体功能的正向设计····，··············……61
4MCS一51单片机软核的仿真···························……62
4.1RTL级的仿真流程···········……62
4.2RTL级的仿真测试程序········，··········……63
4.3RTL级的仿真结果············，···……64
4.4RTL级程序综合、后仿真··，·，···············一66
第五章总结与展望···········……70
致谢一71
参考文献····································……72
附录·························，·…75
附录AMCS一51单片机芯片总体版图·，···············……75
附录B累加器ACC的部分源代码··················……76
附录C仿真测试程序之一·············.......……，.·……78
附录D硬核仿真的部分程序源代码··················……407
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