医院建筑给水排水设计(任务书+开题报告+图纸) 第4页,外文文献及翻译
3 推广使用节水器具
家庭节水除了注意养成良好的用水习惯以外，采用节水器具很重要，也最有效。有的人宁可放任自流，也不肯更换节水器具，其实，这么多水费长期下来是不合算的。因而大力推广使用节水器具是实现建筑节水的重要手段和途径。
3.1节水水龙头
3.1.1 陶瓷阀芯节水龙头
目前节水型水龙头大多采用陶瓷阀芯水龙头。这种水龙头与普通水龙头相比，节水量一般可达20%～30%；与其它类型节水龙头相比，价格较便宜[3]。因此，应在居民楼等建筑中大力推广使用这种节水龙头。我们教五楼和宿舍楼采用的都是这种龙头。
3.1.2 延时自闭式水龙头
延时自闭式水龙头在出水一定时间后自动关闭，避免长流水现象。出水时间可在一定范围内调节，既方便卫生又符合节水要求。非常适合公共场所的洗手用。
3.1.3 光电控制式水龙头
延时自闭式水龙头虽然节水但出水时间固定后，不易满足不同使用对象的要求。光电控制式水龙头就可以克服上述缺点，例如最新型的一款红外线自动控制洗手器，第一次安装时就可以自行检查该器下方或前方的固定反射体（比如洗手盆）并根据反射体的距离调整自己的工作距离，避免了过去的自动给水器因前方障碍较近出现的常流水现象，而且这种智能化的洗手器可以做到尽管你的手在下面没有洗手动作不给水，洗手时间过长也会停水，长期不用还可以定时冲水，以免水封失灵供电不足了提前报警[3]。
Orifice decompression compared with jangled nerves example, the system is relatively simple, less investment, easy management. The practice of some units, water-saving effects are fairly obvious, If Shanghai Jiao tong University in the school bathroom water pipe installation aperture of 5 mm orifice, water-saving about 43%. But decompression orifice only by the dynamic pressure, static pressure can be reduced and the pressure downstream with the upstream pressure and the flow is changed, is not stable enough. In addition, the vacuum orifice plug easy. In better water quality and water pressure more stable, by using [3]. Cutting expenditure and the role of Cypriot advantages and decompression orifice basically are the same. Suitable for the small diameter and
www.wlfree.com accessories installed to use [3].
1.3 adopt water-saving leading
A trial showed that the leading Practical water-saving taps and the general state of the full, flow out of the former than the latter out of the flow. That is the same pressure, the leading water conservation has good water saving, water-saving volume in 20% ~ 30% between. And the higher the pressure ordinary tap water from the larger, water-saving is leading the greater the volume of water-saving. Therefore, should the building (especially in the standard water pressure in water distribution points) leading installation of water-saving, reduce water wastage. In 1999 the Ministry of Construction, State Economic and Trade Commission, State Bureau of Building materials apparatuses jointly issued a document "on the elimination of residential buildings behind the products notified" require large and medium-sized cities in new residential prohibit the use of helical-style cast iron nozzle movements, actively adopt "ceramic cartridge faucets" and "common faucet technical conditions of the ceramic cartridge faucets [4]. Since the main building of our school building earlier in the toilet faucet
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