内容摘要:静脉抽血是一项集技术性、服务性、脑力和体力于一体的综合性工作。要达到:“一针见血、一次达标、患者少痛不苦”的目标.首先,抽血者对护士的要求是技术要过硬,护理人员熟练及轻柔的静脉穿刺技术可以提高一针见血的成功率,避免反复穿刺体检者疼痛及加重其恐惧心理,所以重视人文关怀和心理护理。其次要求护士充分考虑到静脉采血对患者的心理刺激及不良的心理反应,要有相应的应对措施和心理护理,达到解决患者的心理矛盾和减轻患者的痛苦,使患者积极配合护士的操作。但在临床实践中,护士往往只重视技术操作而不注重掌握患者的心理问题及护理,不但给患者带来了痛苦,而且影响了操作的顺利进行。论文网http://www.751com.cn/
关键词: 静脉,抽血,患者,沟通,,心理分析,护理
Abstract:Venous blood is a set of technical, service, mental and physical strength of integrated working. To achieve: "nail on the head, compliance, patients with less pain is not" target. first blood technical demands on nurses to be excellent, venous puncture of the nursing staff of skilled and gentle technique can improve the success rate of nail on, avoid repeated puncture and examinees increased pain and fear, so pay attention to humanistic care and psychological care. Second requires nurses to take full account of venous blood in patients with adverse psychological reaction of mental stimulation and, with appropriate responses and psychological care, to address patients with psychological conflicts and alleviate the suffering of patients, so that patients actively cooperate with nursing operations.
However, in clinical practice, nurses often do not only attention to the technical operations focus on mastering psychological problems and nursing care of patients, not only brought pain to the patient, but also affected the smooth progress of the operation.
Keywords: Veins, blood, patients, communication, psychoanalysis, nursing
前言:静脉抽血是护理工作中最基本的操作技术之一,是一项集技术性、服务性、脑力和体力于一体的综合性工作。稍有不慎即可引起抽血者的不满。有研究表明[1]抽血者对护士的要求是技术要过硬,100%选择高年资的护士。护理人员熟练及轻柔的静脉穿刺技术可以提高一针见血的成功率,避免反复穿刺增加体检者疼痛及加重其恐惧心理。这样不但可以减轻正在抽血者的紧张情绪,亦可得到其后等待者的信任,使其精神放松。多数人对护士外表没有特别要求,但需要抽血护士要有亲切感。所以重视人文关怀和心理护理[2]沟通采血中非常重要。因为沟通中不但可以加深印象,还能加深护患之间的感情。沟通还能转移抽血者的注意力,减轻对疼痛的感觉。有效的沟通能让病人获得积极的心理效应,增强对护理人员的信任感,有助于减少紧张和恐惧的心理状态,使之保持稳定的情绪。下面就不同年龄层次的抽血患者的心理及应对措施分析如下:
一、 临床资料:我院2011年八月份对来检验科抽血的300例门诊病号抽血后的心理反应进行了调查研究,根据年龄对这些病号进行了分组,一岁前的患儿50例,1-3岁的患儿50例,3-10岁的患儿100例,10岁上及成年人100例。针对不同年龄段患者抽血后的心理反应进行了汇总:
表1成年患者在静脉采血中不良反应