燃油深度脱硫的炭气凝胶的制备 摘要：炭气凝胶是一种新型多孔炭材料，具有低密度、连续孔结构、高比表面积和高导电性等优点。由于炭气凝胶独特的微观结构（由碳纳米颗粒及纳米孔组成），可被用于超级电容器的电极，先进催化剂的载体，色谱仪的填料，吸附剂等。本文以间苯二酚和甲醛为前驱体，采用常压干燥法和超临界干燥法制备了炭气凝胶，通过密度测试和氮气吸附测试等对炭气凝胶的微结构进行了表征，研究了材料的微观组织结构。通过实验对比用方案四制备的炭气凝胶的密度最小，比表面积也比较大，孔结构也适合通过浸渍法载上金属后用于燃油脱硫。
关键词： 炭气凝胶；超临界干燥；常压干燥；脱硫
For deep desulfurization of fuel oil in the preparation of carbon aerogels
Abstract：Carbon aerogels (CAs) are novel mesoporous materials with many interesting properties, such as low mass densities, continuous porosities, high surface areas, and high electrical conductivity. Because of their unique microstructures consisting of carbon nano-particles and nano-pores, CAs were expected to be applied as electrodes for super-capacitors, advanced catalyst supports, chromatographic packing, adsorbents and so on. In this paper, using ambient pressure drying and supercritical drying, carbon aerogels are made of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Characterized by nitrogen adsorption test, the microstructure and formation mechanism of carbon aerogels are researched and analyzed. Through the comparison with experimental method four preparation of carbon aerogels, minimum density, specific surface area is big, pore structure is also suitable for after impregnation method to carry on the metal is used for fuel oil desulfurization.
Keywords：carbon aerogels；ambient pressure drying；supercritical drying；desulfurization
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 炭气凝胶概述 1
1.1.1 炭气凝胶 1
1.1.2 炭气凝胶的发展历程 2
1.1.3 炭气凝胶的用途 3
1.1.4 炭气凝胶的制备 4
1.2 制备炭气凝胶的原料及其影响因素 6
1.2.1 制备炭气凝胶的原料 6
1.2.2 制备炭气凝胶时的影响因素 6
1.3 炭气凝胶的一些改性方法 8
1.4 炭气凝胶的研究目的及意义 9
1.5 研究内容 10
2 实验部分 10
2.1 实验用主要药品 10
2.2 实验用仪器 10
2.3 不同密度的炭气凝胶的制备方案 11
2.3.1 炭气凝胶的制备方案一 11
2.3.2 炭气凝胶的制备方案二 12
2.3.3 炭气凝胶的制备方案三 13
2.3.4 炭气凝胶的制备方案四 14
3 结果与讨论 15
3.1 方案一的结果与讨论 15
3.2 方案二的结果与讨论 16
3.3 方案三的结果与讨论 16
3.4 方案四的结果与讨论 17
3.5 方案四中样品孔径与孔容的对比分析 19
3.6 小结 20
4 结论与展望 21
4.1 论文主要结论 21
4.2 未来工作建议与展望 21
致 谢 22
参考文献 23，3535
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