车削测力系统的辅助装置设计毕业设计说明书 摘 要
摘要:切削加工过程中的切削力大小将直接影响切削热的产生、被加工表面的质量、工件的加工精度、刀具的磨损。由于加工条件的复杂性和不确定性，切削力的理论计算值与实际值存在偏差，最好用测力仪实地测量。为了能够直接测量切削力的大小，出现了许多类型的测力仪，其中大多数用来测量静态或准静态力。随着精密加工技术的发展，能测量动态切削力的测力仪成了研发目标。分体式车削测力仪由刀头、传感器、刀杆、预紧螺钉等装配而成。根据ANSYS模拟分析和理论分析可知：穿过传感器的预紧螺钉对热变形起约束作用，并且可以补偿因切削热引起的预紧力的减小。对标定后测力仪进行的切削表明，该结构可以减小切削热对测力仪的影响，但不能将影响降低到可忽略的范围。此车削测力仪结构的“推挽"特性，不仅提高了测力仪的灵敏度，而且能自动补偿了切削热引起的误差。弹性环起到力的传递和分载作用，是测力仪的关键部分。
关键词：刀具；测力仪
Turning the Auxiliary Force Measurement System Design
Abstract:The cutting force generated during metal cutting have a direct influence on thegenerafion of cutting heat，tool wear,and quality of machined surface，and accuracy of theworkpiece．Duo to the complex cutting conditions of metal cutting operation and some unknown factors，theoretical cutting force calculations fail to produce accurate results．Therefore，experimental measurements of cutting force become unavoidable．For this purpose，many dynamometers have be developed，most of which concentrated on smile eutilng force．Now there is need to put great emphasis on the dynamic component of cutting force to satisfyhigh machining accuracy．The distributed dynamometer is made up of bit tool，force sensor，toolbar and screws．The middle SCreW which goes through quartz plates is used to constrain thermal deformationand compensate the decreasing preload caused by culling heat based on ANSYS simulationand theoretical analysis．It is proved that this structure canreduce the influence of cutting heatin some degree by cutting test，but Can not meet the demand．The unitary dynamometer has a‘'push-puU”structure，which Call improve the sensitivityand compensate the errors caused by cutting heat automatically．This structure essentiallycontains an important elastic ring element,which must produce defonnation proportional toexternal load and has high rigidity
Key Words：tools；Dynamometer
目录
1绪论 3
1.1.1 测力仪 4
1.2.1压电式传感器的国内外现状及发展趋势 4
1.2.2 压电车削测力仪的类型 6
1.2.3 压电传感器综述 6
1.3.1 车削测力仪的结构与分析 7
1.4.1 传感器的预载 9
1.4.2预载方式 9
2 传感器的设计 13
2.1 传感器晶组的设计 13
2.1.1 石英晶体几何切型选择 13
2.1.2 晶体的构成 14
2.2 结构设计原则 15
3 测力辅助装置的设计 17
3.1.1构件的组成及其工作原理 17
3.1.2 计算各方向车削力 20
3.1.3车刀弯曲强度校核计算 21
3.1.4 连接底板的螺栓确定及强度校核 21
3.1.5上盖螺栓确定及强度校核 23
3.1.6后盖螺栓确定及强度校核 24
3.1.7 结构特点 25
3.2.1构件的组成及其工作原理 26
3.2.2 计算各方向车削力 28
3.2.3车刀弯曲强度校核计算 29
3.2.4 连接底板的螺栓确定及强度校核 30
3.2.5顶盖的螺栓确定及其强度校核 31
3.2.6 结构特点 32
致 谢 33
参考文献 34，3566
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