本科毕业论文格式四川外语学院 第2页
I. A Brief Review of Functional Equivalence
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The similarity of the thoughts of human beings determines that the similarities are more than the differences between English and Chinese. The equivalence of languages makes it possible to convert the source language into the target language. However, the convert is not just a process to translate the words from one language to another language. Translation should be a task to recur the information of the original work in a most natural way. That is to say, translation should rebuild the surficial forms of the original information, convert the views of expression and replace the meaning of the original work with the meaning of the translated work. Therefore, equivalence is the most important basis for translation. The translated work can be of higher quality if it achieves more equivalence with the original work.
Functional equivalence is very important to all kinds of translation. The reason is that English and Chinese have many differences in their forms, grammars, sentence structures and so on. Therefore, in the process of translation, to convey the information of the original work is the focus and the most difficult part. After all, the receptors of the translated work expect to know the content of the original work.
Functional equivalence also emphasizes the cultural elements. If a translated work does not reflect the cultural elements of the original work, it must b
http://www.751com.cnthat syntax and lexeme are the biggest barriers for the translators.2 The translators devoted to English-Chinese translation may agree with him. Most of them have learned English through the grammar, so their translation concept is often affected by the grammar and sentence structure. Functional equivalence is a powerful weapon for the translators to overcome these barriers. Functional equivalence can fall into three parts. First, the word classes replace the traditional parts of speech to describe the semantic relations of the words. Second, the concept of kernel sentence and the concept of sentence transformation can overcome the restriction of syntax to a translator. Third, isomorphism can overcome the barriers caused by the social and cultural differences.3
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A. Definition of Functional Equivalence
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A maximal, ideal definition could be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did.”4
A minimal, realistic definition of functional equivalence could be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciate it.”5
“Poets,” according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.”6
In the 1950s, for example, while Ellington was still alive, Raymond Horricks compared him with Ravel, Delius, and Debussy:
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The continually enquiring mind of Ellington…has sought to extend steadily the imaginative boundaries of the musical form on which it subsists…. Ellington since the mid-1930s has been engaged upon extending both the imagery and the formal construction of written jazz.6
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Ellington’s earliest attempt to move beyond the three-minute limit recieved …
Figures in literature are either flat characters （one dimensional figures, figures with simple personalities） or round characters （complex figures）. The characters described in the first chapter of The Great Gatsby can well be regarded as flat:
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I never saw this great-uncle, but I’m supposed to look like him----with special reference to the rather hard-boiled painting that hangs in father’s office.
I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a quarter of a century after my father, and a little later I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. 7
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However, F. Scott Fitzgerald succeeds in changing these flat figures into round ones through his master-hand writing skills and in-depth characterization.
B. Different Functions
The theory of functional equivalence involves nine functions: expressive, cognitive, interpersonal, informative…
Conclusion
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With the rapid development of the international trade, advertisement has become an indispensable part in our life. To some extent, it has become our guide in the aspect of consuming. No doubt, we are now living in the age of advertisement. Therefore, to translate a good and effective advertisement is increasingly important for attracting the potential customers and promoting the sale of the products in the international market.
Since Chinese and English are two quite different languages, the translation from English to Chinese is not an easy task. The translator should learn well the cultural and social background of the original work, the differences of their sentence structures and also their habits of expression. Although there are so many differences between the two languages, the functions of all the languages are the same. That is to name the reality and to communicative with the people. It is just the basis for the translation from English to Chinese.
Functional equivalence indeed provides the translators an easier way to finish a translation work. It benefits the advertisement translation, and also gives a direction for other kinds of translation, especially the pragmatic texts, because its main target is to guide the translators to retell the information of the original work as much as possible and to represent the information of the original work is just the target of the pragmatic texts.
Through a relative thorough analysis of functional equivalence and advertisement translation, the readers of the essay may have a clear understanding of the details and aspects of advertisement translation. The readers may appreciate the advantages of functional equivalence in the process of advertisement translation. Functional equivalence helps the translators overcome the barrier of translation. That is the forms and structures of the language of the original work. Advertisement translation has its special aims. It is not only for information exchange, but also for encouraging the customers to buy the products. This is the ultimate aim of
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