归化与异化翻译论文 第2页
归化与异化翻译摘 要
翻译作为沟通不同语言与文化的桥梁，在跨文化交际中起着不可或缺的作用。译者在翻译的过程中总会面临翻译策略的选择。翻译策略是指译者在处理源语与译语语言文化差异时所用的方法。在翻译中有两种基本策略：归化和异化。本文主要从翻译学、语言学和跨文化交际的角度来讨论这两种翻译策略以及他们的应用。
首先，文章概述了国内外翻译界对归化与异化研究的现状并指出继续深入研究的必要性；接着论述了语言、文化与翻译之间的相互关系；然后系统地讨论归化和异化这两种翻译策略，包括他们的定义，历史上的有关争论和当前的研究现状，并阐述了作者的观点。接下来本文讨论了影响译者选择翻译策略的因素，例如：文本类型、目标语读者的水平、翻译的社会历史背景、译者的翻译的目的及其文化态度等等。作者试图通过对这些因素进行详细分析，并结合具体例子，分别从语言和文化层面对中国古典名著《红楼梦》的两个英译本中归化与异化的应用进行比较研究（杨宪益译本和霍克斯译本），来论证异化与归化看似矛盾，实则相互补充的辩证关系；异化和归化因其各具特点，在不同情况下都有其存在的价值，过于强调其中的一种是片面的，不科学的；译者应该根据文本类型、翻译目的和读者水平等因素来选择合适的翻译策略，绝对归化和绝对异化都是行不通的。
希望本文对翻译策略的研究能够给译者以启发，并达到进一步加强和丰富翻译理论、指导翻译实践的目的。
关键词：翻译策略；归化；异化；应用
Domestication or Foreignism-oriented Skills in Translation ABSTRACT
Translation, a bridge between different languages and cultures, plays an indispensable role in cross-culture communication. However, as a translator, we have to choose which strategy to deal with the cultural differences between the source language and the target language in the process of translation where there exists two major translation strategies--- domestication and foreignization. In this thesis, I will discuss these strategies and their application from translation, linguistics, and cross-cultural communication perspectives.
In the thesis, I will first talk about the current research of the domestication and foreignization in the translation circle as well as point out the necessity for further research. Then, I will illustrate the relationship between linguistics and translation as well as between culture and translating and next systematically discuss these two translation strategies including their definitions, the controversy in history and their current studies.本文来自辣;文*论-文~网
Besides, I will continue to deal with such neglected factors as may influence the translator’s choice of translation strategies: the type of the source text (ST), the translation purposes, the level of the intended readers, the social and historical background, the translator’s attitude and so on. Finally, from the linguistic and cultural perspectives, the thesis makes a comparative study of the application of domestication and foreignization by analyzing typical examples from the two English versions of Hong Lou Meng translated by Yang Xianyi and David Hawkes respectively.
The thesis will conclude that these two translation strategies have their respective features and applicable value. I sincerely hope that this research into translation strategies will enlighten translators and make a little contribution to the prosperity of translation studies and translation practice in China.
Key words: translation strategy; domestication; foreignization; applicationStudies of Domestication and Foreignization
Since the “Cultural Turn” in the study of translation, there is a new trend in the field: culture-oriented translation, which views translation not only as an inter-lingual communication but also as an inter-cultural communication by means of which culture of one language can be and should be transmitted into that of another. E. A. Nida thinks that “for truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meaning in terms of the cultures in which they function” (Nida, 2001:82). Translation is in its essence a kind of intercultural communication and is closely related to culture. “Accordingly, competent translators are always aware of that ultimately words only have meaning in terms of the corresponding culture” (Nida, 2001:139).
People have paid more and more attention on the cultural factors. However, the “gap” or “distance” between the source culture and the target culture has always been a hard nut for translators to crack. Generally speaking, there are two main translation strategies applied by the translators to tackle the problem, one is domestication and the other is foreignization. The former refers to the translation strategy “whose application leads to a transparent, fluent style so that the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers” is minimized, while the use of the latter brings about a target text where the translator retains “something of the foreignism of the original” in stead of “following the target language conventions” (Shuttleworth & Cowie, 2004:43). Some scholars prefer foreignization while others would like to turn to domestication. The typical representative of domestication is E. A. Nida, who proposes “Dynamic Equivalence” in毕业论文
http://www.751com.cn translation and “aims at complete naturalness of expression… and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of his own culture” (Venuti, 2004:21). In China, Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书) once said, “the highest translation criterion of literature is ‘Sublimation’(“化境”)…the translation should be natural and keep the foreign flavor…” Fu Lei (傅雷) adhered to “resemblance in spirit” rather than “resemblance in form”. On the other hand, L. Venuti proposes “resistant translation” which “avoids fluency” and “challenges the target-language culture”. Undoubtedly, he advocates foreignization. In China, Lu Xun (鲁迅), Liu Yingkai (刘英凯), Sun Zhili (孙致礼) all prefer to adopting foreignization.
1.3 The Purpose, Significance and the Framework of the Thesis
The disputes over the choice of these two strategies have lasted for a long time. Both in China and abroad, there are two contrary opinions. Some scholars think that domestication will become more popular, whereas others maintain that foreignization will be more commonly adopted. They all like to affirm one to the negation of the other. Apparently, it is not appropriate to emphasize one strategy to the neglect of the other.
This thesis sets out to study domestication and foreignization from a dialectical viewpoint and aims to prove and draw the conclusion that these two strategies are justified for their existence and are supplementary to each other. Overemphasis of one strategy from a static and absolute viewpoint is one-sided and unscientific. We can never regard a translation strategy as absolute nor can we exclude it completely. We should take a dialectical view of translation strategies. The study of translation strategies will provide translators with theoretical guidance in their translation practice and will contribute to the prosperity of translation studies.
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