英语教学中的交际法及写作学习技巧 第7页
3.4 Teachers’ Role in the Learners’ Practical Writing
Most students find it very dispiriting if they get a piece of written work bake and it is covered in red ink, underlining and crossings-out. It is a powerful visual statement of the fact that their written English is terrible. As with all types of correction, the teacher has to achieve a balance between being accurate and truthful on the one hand and treating students sensitively and sympathetically on the other. One way of avoiding the “over-correction” problem is for teachers to tell their students that for a particular piece of work they are only going to correct mistakes of punctuation, or spelling, or grammar etc. This has two advantages: it makes students concentrate on that particular aspect, and it cuts down on the correction. Correcting is important, but it can be time-consuming and frustrating, especially when it is difficult to know what the mistake is because it is unclear what the student is trying to say. Common sense and talking students about it are the only solutions here. Correction is worthless if students just put their corrected writing away and never look at it again. Teachers have to ensure that they understand the problem and then redraft the passage correctly.
4. The Learning Strategy of Writing
4.1 Criteria of a Good Composition
What are the criteria if a good composition? We all know that it should have something interesting or important, and if possible, something new, to say and that this “something” is expressed accurately, briefly and clearly. Each paragraph has its central theme and is closely related to the neighboring paragraphs. Criteria of a good writing are three letters which are A, B a毕业论文
http://www.751com.cn nd C. Here A refers to “accuracy”, B “brevity”, and C “clarity”.
4.2 Six Basic Rules for Writing
The basics of a good writing consist of six rules. Read them, learn them well, and refer to them every time you write. You will see good results.
Organize your material: Writing begins long before you pick up your pencil or turn on your PC. If you have not organized your material in a logical, orderly way beforehand, you can quickly negate the effect of any good writing afterward by merely confusing and irritating your reader.
Follow a simple, suitable writing style: Begin with your important points and recommendations. Remember this old piece of advice: “Tell them what you are going to say, say it, then tell them what you have said.”
Keep it brief and stick to your subject: Say only what is absolutely necessary. Do not waste your readers’ time on trivial details and irrelevant comments (for example, how much work you had to do to get this written). You will save your readers a great deal of precious time.
Be conversational: Write as though you were talking with your reader face to face. Do not try to impress them with elaborate vocabulary.
Edit your writing: Always read your writing before the final version is printed or sent. Underline the essential words and phrases. Then re-evaluate what is left. If it is necessary, use it. If not, leave it out.
Document your information: Let the readers know the origin or source of your facts, but do not make them go through more than once.
Each of these above rules contributes to the overall strength of your writing. Every time you forget or ignore even one, your writing loses effectiveness.
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