近代英语的简洁简化 第2页
2. The brevity of English
In today's world, English is regarded as a global language used in many fields.As an important tool of conveying information, the language of English both oral and written should be employed in a concise way. What is more, brevity plays a core role in such fields as Journalism English,Advertising English,Business English, etc. These peculiar writing styles have more specific requirements about brevity.
2.1 In the field of Journalism English辣-文^论,文.网
http://www.751com.cn As one of the general features of Journalism English,brevity plays a vital role in Journalistic Writing. For reasons of profits , saving space means a lot in the printing medium where space is money. Among the great variety of forms in terms of brevity and simplification , there are two means in general. One is omission, the other one is abbreviation.
2.1.1 Omission
One of the principles of Journalistic Writing is saving words as much as possible.An experienced editor simplifies complicated material by weeding out superfluities to make an article concise or brief to the point . However the bottom-line should be that the omitted words do not take away the clarity of the sentence.Ways of omission are as follows:
2.1.1.1 Omitting the article
Omitting articles like 'the' 'a' 'an' can on one hand shorten the sentence , on the other hand make the sentence structure tighter.However, omission should go hand in hand with the clarity of the information.Some examples are as follows:
1. At (the) week's end, (the) officials were still trying to find out what caused the
accident. (Time,Aug.2,1982)[1]
2. There was no pattern to the slayings . There were totally at random as to (the)
time of the day,(the) day of the week, (the) race of the victim.
(Stars and Stripes, Aug.15,1982)[1]
3. I wanted to be (a) part of a movement. We were all complaining for years about
the society. (Newsweek , Apr.20,1981)[1]
4. They were run over by trucks and killed under (the) order of the commander.
(Stars and Stripes, Aug.16,1982)[1]
5. The American people will not tolerate further delay by (the) Congress.
(Stars and Stripes, Aug.5,1982)[1]
6. (A) Tenth Of The British Mackeel Catch Ground Into Feed.
Nearly in all the news reportings in America, no use of an article before the word 'Congress' . Besides, no use of an article before titles neither. For example:
1.After interviewing several participants,Time European Correspondent Lawrence
Malkin was able to reconstruct a bit of what took place at the afternoon session
on Saturday June 5.[1]
2.Complained State Department Spokesman Alan Romberg, as much to Moscow
as to Mayor Parente:"The US Government is making every effort to have the
prohibition by the Glen Cove authorities lifted. (Time,Aug.16,1982)[1]
3.Award Winner Nyerere and Prime Minister Gandhi take their places at the New
Delhi talks. (Time, Mar.8,1982)[1]
4.Though she had been in the midst of a divorce since before she went to
Washington and serves as a devoted single parent to Sons Neil,14, and J.J.S and
and Daughter Stephania,12.[1]
5.Author James Clavell reaped a typhoon of dollars from his 1.704 page novel,
'Noble house'-the best seller about high finance in Hong Kong.
(Newsweek, Jan.4,1982)[1]2.1.1.2 Omitting the preposition
Omitting the preposition is quite general in Journalism English. Usually, omission does not break down the sentence structure.In Journalistic Writing, the prepositions that are in the adverbials of time and in verbal phrases can be omitted. 辣-文^论,文.网
http://www.751com.cnFor example:
1. Taiwan's foreign orders (orders that would in time have translated into exports),
have dropped (by)17%. (Time, Aug.6,1982)[1]
2. There is also 'survivor's guilt to consider, a particular bitter crop which takes a
long time (in) ripening.' (Newsweek,Apr.28, 1975)[1]
3. Also short on men is the Individual Ready Reserve - a unit made up of soldiers
who serve (for) one or two years as unpaid reservists after completing active
Duty. (U.S.News & World Report. May.12,1980)[1]
4. With his-eye-lids swollen from the bullet wound in his forehead, Brady had
trouble (in) reading... (Newsweek, Apr.20,1982)[1]
5. Paul exhausted himself (by) trying to cope with the issues.
6. The House voted (on) Tuesday to bust the budge it had passed earlier.
(Stars and Stripes, Aug.5,1982)[1]
7. Shrock was last seen (on) May 31 at a gas station along Mexico 15 about 45
Miles north of Mazatlan. (Newsweek, Jul.26,1982)[1]
8. (On) His first day as a married man, Otsrow was back in First District court
in Mineola. (Stars and Stripes, Aug.19,1982)[1]
9.She (Rosalymn) often continues to write speeches in the family quarters of
the White House. (on) Mornings she is usually up by 6:30 to see Amy off to
School. (Newsweek)[1]
10. Several years ago, talking (about) basics was a no-no.[1]
11. They think (about) safety these days.[1]
12. Wesley Jamesson,34, has chosen to work (on) a night shift.
(Newsweek,Nov.30,1980)[1]
13.Not only are the motorists driving less, they are driving (for) shorter
distances.[1]
14.Unions are now going (along) the merger route.[1]
2.1.1.3 Omitting the linking verbs and auxiliary verb
Omitting the linking verbs and auxiliary verb sometimes is more typical in headlines writing. In this way，the headline can be both short and eye-catching while fully and effectively conveying information.
For example：
1.Three（Are) Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.
2. Clinton Inauguration（Is）Most Expensive Ever.
3.(A) Francier（Is ) killed by Burglars.
4.India (Is) Mending Fences.
5.Pope (Is) To Visit Japan In January
2.1.1.4 Replacing the conjunctions with a comma
Sometimes the editors replace the conjunctions especially like"and" with just a comma so as to keep the sentence short yet concise. This method is as well very common in headlines writing.
For example:
1. US, Vietnam Resume Talks.= Us and Vietnam Resume Talks.
2. Nbc's President Robert Wright Seeks Big Acquisitions,Ventures For The
Network.=Nbc's President Robert Wright Seeks Big Acquisitions and Ventures
For The Network.辣-文^论,文.网
http://www.751com.cn 2.1.1.5 Using elliptical sentences
Using elliptical sentences can not only save words, but also make the sentence brief to the point.Obviously, by using an elliptical structure, the sentence is far more brief, attractive and forceful . Therefore the skillful arrangement of elliptical sentences may add color to a sentence.
For example:
1. The signed scores of four-string quarters from Haydn's Opus 50 have been in the
Family's possession since (they were) purchased in London at an auction in
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