计算机软件工程外文文献及翻译
Software engineering computer software guiding the development and maintenance of an engineering disciplines. Using the concepts, principles, techniques and methods to the development and maintenance of software, put through the test of time and proved correct management skills and be able to present the best technical methods, to the economic development of high-quality software and effective in maintaining it, which is software engineering.
People had to software engineering under many definitions, the following are two typical for the definition.
1968 in the first NATO meeting had given software engineering an early definition: "Software Engineering is to the economy to get a reliable sense of the actual machine, effective operations of the software, and the establishment and use of sound engineering principles.”This definition not only points out the software engineering goal is economic to develop high quality The software, and emphasized that the software project is an engineering discipline, it should establish and perfect the use of engineering principles.
1993 IEEE further given a more specific and comprehensive definition: "Software Engineering: Systematic, standardized, measurable ways for software development, operation and maintenance process, which is used in software engineering; the study mentioned channels.”
Usually, the software resolved the issue is very complicated; it is no problem as a whole, the overall consideration. People have to the problem decomposition, the decomposition of making each part is understandable, and the part between simple communication relations. This method does not reduce the overall complexity, but it can become manageable. Attention to the many software complexity is not the main problem of the inherent complexity of, but by the need to address a lot of the details.
The majority of software to simulate the real world of a part, for example, Readers of the library handles the demand or tracking bank money circulation process. In the real world evolving, the software quickly in order not to be eliminated, along with simulated changes in the real world. Therefore, in the delivery of software systems is still needed after the move consumption costs, in the 原文请找腾讯752018766辣'文.论,文.网http://www.751com.cn work together to solve these problems. To co-operate effectively, we must clearly define the responsibilities of each person and mutual communication methods. In fact only the above requirements are not enough, each person must strictly act in accordance with the regulations. To force people to comply with the requirements, should utilize standards and protocols. Usually, tools can be used to support these standards and protocols. In short, discipline is the successful completion of software development projects as a key.
Software is designed to support the work of users. The software should be able to function effectively assist users to complete their work. If users are not satisfied with the software, the system can be disposed of and at the very least, immediately put the new demand. Therefore, the only way to use the correct structural system is not enough; we must also correct the structural system.
Effective support means that users must carefully examine users, in order to determine the appropriate functional requirements, availability requirements and other quality requirements (such as reversing, reliability, response time, etc.). Effectively support users also mean that software development should be not only to the software products, and should write user manuals and training materials, in addition, we must also pay attention to the establishment of the new system environment. For example, a new library automation system will affect the library workflow, and should therefore appropriate training users; they are used to make new work flow.
Development of the computer systems in the early era (20th century until the mid-1960s), common hardware pervasive, and software is specific to each application and specialized prepared. Then the software which usually smaller procedures, authors and users often with one (or group) people. This individual software environment. Software Design usually makes people's minds is the one implied in the process, in addition to the procedure list, no other information document preservation.
From the 20th century to the mid-1960s, the mid-1970s computer system is the second generation development period, this period is an important feature of a "software factory", the extensive use of software products. However, "software factory" is basically still on the early formation of individual software development side fat. With the computer increasingly widespread application, software volume expanded dramatically. The procedures found errors must try to correct; with the new user needs to be revised accordingly; hardware or operating system update, usually need to revise procedures to adapt to the new environment. All these software 1646