2. The Problem of Cross-Cultural Communication
2.1.Different Value
Value will limit the people’s behavior in communication. The value can be accepted by one culture may become unacceptable in another culture. As the origin of eastern culture and western culture difference, history background difference, and the development process difference lead to immense difference between eastern and western value. There are mainly four types of value conflict will be faced by the foreign-funded enterprise in the process of cross-cultural communication:
1．Individualism versus Collectivism.
2．Centralization versus Decentralization.
3．Long-term orientation versus Short-term orientation.
4．Ascription-oriented versus Achievement-oriented.
2.1.1. Individualism vs. Collectivism
Based on Geert Hofstede’s individualism and collectivism culture dimension, if some people prefer “individualism”, it means that they will emphasize individual benefits, personal freedom, rights, competition and independence when dealing with the interpersonal relationship. However, for the people who prefer “collectivism”, they will pay more attention on how to cooperate with each other and how to create more benefit for the collectivity, and the conception of “I” is closely connected with family and friends. Under the studying of Geert Hofsterde on 53 countries and areas, we found that some western countries are typical “Individualism”, America ranks the fist. And some Asia countries such as China, Japan incline to “Collectivism”.毕业论文
http://www.751com.cn/The “Individualism” countries will emphasize personal struggle, how much salary you can get and what’s your position in the company are totally decided by your personal ability and your performance. However, the “Collectivism” countries will emphasize cooperation with each other. They think that personal performance cannot be separated from collectivity and obsession of hierarchy and working experience will be seen as the important factors. It’s the big communication barrier to the western country enterprise when they establish the branch or subsidiary in Asia. The below case which happen in the foreign-funded enterprise in Japan, which founded by American can show these problem clearly.原文请+QQ324.9114辣.文^论,文'网
Case description:
American: Mr. Sugimoto, I have noticed that you are doing an excellent job on the assembly line. I hope that the other workers notice how it should be done.
Japanese:(He is uneasy).Praise is not necessary. I am only doing my job.(He hopes other Japanese workers do not hear.)
American: You are the finest, most excellent, dedicated worker we have ever had at Jones Corporation.
Japanese: (He blushed and nodded his head several times, and kept working.)
American: Well, are you going to say “thank you,” Mr. Sugimoto, or just remain silent?
Japanese: Excuse me, Mr. Jones…May I take leave for five minutes?
American: “Sure.”
American:(He is annoyed and watched Sugimoto angrily). I can’t believe how rude Japanese workers are. They seem to be disturbed by praise and don’t answer you…just silent .
From this case, we can found that being praised by superior among the colleagues, Mr. Sugimoto should feel happy rather than embarrassed according to American “Individualism” which advocates the personal performance and creativity. However, Mr. Sugimoto is Japanese whose country encourages “Collectivism”, emphasizing that individual should be loyal to the collectivity, the member should be united as one rather than emphasizing personal performance. That’s why Mr. Sugimoto felt embarrassed when he was praised by Jones, because he thought that Mr. Jones had separated him from his colleagues which made him lose face in front of his colleagues.
When communicating with the people has different culture background, it’s important to know the people’s perception on individual and collectivity in the foreign-funded enterprise.
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