Charlotte Brontë原文请加辣,文.论,文'网QQ324,9114
Charlotte Brontë was born on April 21, 1816. Her mother died in 1821, which created a lot of chaos. Three years later, Charlotte and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, were sent to the newly-opened Cowan Bridge Clergy Daughters' School. However, conditions there were rather bad even by the standards of the time, and it was not long before Maria and Elizabeth became ill enough to be sent home. Soon they both died of consumption in the spring of 1825. Patrick brought Charlotte and her younger sister Emily, who had recently joined them at the school, back home as soon as the other girls became ill, but Charlotte never forgot what the school had been like.
In 1842 Charlotte went to school in Brussels with Emily, but her time there was less than two years, and it led to her eventual writing of Villette. Back home, Charlotte fell into chronic unemployment and severe hypochondria, actually thinking she was going blind. In 1846 the three sisters published a book of Poems, and though sales were very slow, the reviews were good and spurred on further literary endeavors. Charlotte's novel of this time, The Professor, was actually rather bad, suffering from a less-than-believable main character. In August of 1846 Charlotte began writing Jane Eyre. It was published in 1847 and turned out to be a great success. 毕业论文
http://www.751com.cn/ However, this success was followed up by tragedy — her family were all dying off. In September 1848, Branwell died; in December 1848 and May 1849, Emily and Anne died from consumption respectively. Charlotte and her father clung to each other for comfort and support. Charlotte's grief was plain in the last third of her novel Shirley.
Later, Charlotte spent some time in London, meeting other writers of the day. Her father's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls, proposed to Charlotte, and Patrick was absolutely furious about this, forbidding the marriage and saying some rather awful things about Arthur. In spite of her father’s objection, Charlotte seriously considered marrying Arthur, which she did, in June of 1854.
Fortunately for Arthur and Patrick, they'd learned to get along. They were of great comfort to each other after Charlotte's death, which for some reason, was the signal for a lot of gossip, some of it malicious, in the newspapers and magazines. To counteract this, Patrick and Arthur eventually asked Mrs. Gaskell, an author friend of Charlotte's, to write an authoritative biography. Unfortunately for them, Mrs. Gaskell got nearly all of her information from Ellen Nussey, who took great advantage of this to make Arthur seem a villain, and Patrick ended up represented as a stern, overbearing father. This was all accepted as true for many years, and made all of Charlotte's critics suddenly feel sorry for her.
“Charlotte’s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. But brought up with strict orthodoxy, Charlotte would usually stick to the Puritanical code. She loves the beauty of nature but despises worldly ambition and success. In her mind, man’s life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil. All her heroines’ highest joy arises from some sacrifice of self or some human weakness overcome. Besides, she is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governess. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and of passion. By writing from an individual feelings, fiery passions and some extraordinary personalities, by resorting to some elements of horror, mystery and prophesy, she is able to recreate life in a wondrously romantic way. So, whatever weakness her work may have, the vividness of her subjective narration, the intensely achieved characterization, especially those heroines who are totally contrary to the public expectations, and the most truthful presentation of the economical, moral, social life of the time—all this renders her works a never dying popularity.”(Zhang Boxiang, 2005:256)
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