归化还是异化？翻译理论中的难题 第3页

In a section devoted to the concept of culture in translation, Shiyab presents the Sapirean notion that “each language exists within a particular culture and has its own particular lexicon which shapes the perception of its speakers” . He comments on this notion, also known as linguistic relativity, by claiming that:毕业论文http://www.751com.cn/
Within the process of translation, the awareness of the cultural as well as the socially equivalent frameworks in which a particular text is used is extremely significant, although perfect culture equivalents are indeed unattainable. What is attainable is the approximation of cultural and social context of the two languages, which makes the translated text functionally similar and relatively natural with respect to its original.
A “perfect” translation between cultures is thus impossible, according to Shiyab. Through approximation the translated text can however have a similar function as the original text.

2.3 Toury原文请加辣.文,论,文.网QQ324'9114
Toury is located within the field of descriptive translation studies and sees translation as an activity which “inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions, i.e., at least two sets of norm-systems on each level” . He expects norms to operate in all sorts of translations, and in each stage in the creation of a translation. Norms, he claims, are thus reflected on every level of the translation product. The initial norm, as explained by Toury, is constituted by the translator’s choice of either subjecting himself/herself to the original SL and its norms, or to the norms active in the TL, thus creating either an SL- or a TL-oriented text. In other words, the translator can aim for either domestication or foreignization in the translation. The difference between these two concepts is, according to Oittinen, that “while domestication assimilates text to target linguistic and cultural values, in foreignization some significant traces of the original text are retained” .
Toury’s norm system is also made up of preliminary norms and operational norms, where the latter direct the decisions made during the act of translation. Within preliminary norms, translation policy has to do with the factors that govern the choice of text types to be translated into a particular language and/or culture at a particular time.
In order to be able to carry out a satisfactory comparative analysis of an SL and a TL text, Toury suggests the study of “couple pairs of target and source text-segments, ‘replacing’ and ‘replaced’ items, respectively” . Coupled pairs can be used in translation studies to indicate strategies employed by the translator, and when put within a broader context, they further enable speculation on the considerations “which may have been involved in making the decisions along with the factors which may have constrained the act” . In choosing which segments to work with, the crucial requirement is, according to Toury, that these should be “relevant to the operation which would then be performed on them” .

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归化还是异化？翻译理论中的难题 第3页下载如图片无法显示或论文不完整，请联系qq752018766