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工程公司成本管理和生产控制英文参考文献和翻译

更新时间:2012-5-3:  来源:毕业论文

Abstract:Construction, like other industries, has been experiencing profound changes involving both the business environment and internal organization.In this context, new cost management information that provides better understanding and helps managing increasingly turbulent and complex production processes is needed. Activity-based costing (ABC) has been suggested as the leading contender method to replace traditional cost accounting systems, due to its capability to make the processes and activities performed in the organization more transparent and observable.
This paper reports the main results of a research project which aimed to develop a cost accounting system capable of providing useful information to manage production  processes in construction and devise a model that integrates this system to the Production  Planning and Control process, based on the new operations management paradigm and on the ABC ideas. The study involved three case studies, a series of interviews with construction managers and the development of prototype software.公交查询系统设计论文+源代码+文献综述(ASP.net+SQLServer)
The main conclusions of this research work are that the cost information provided by the proposed management accounting system (a) makes the production processes more  transparent; (b) helps to identify production inefficiencies; (c) encourages managers to  introduce corrective actions; and (d) allows the evaluation of corrective actions to be  undertaken.The study also indicated that the proposed model has contributed to establish systematic procedures for production control concerned not only with time management but also with cost management.
Key words: Cost management, activity-based costing, lean construction, production control.
1. Introduction
Over the last decades, many industrial sectors have been experiencing profound changes  involving both the business environment and the internal organisation. This process has  been so deep and radical as to suggest that a  new operations management paradigm has  emerged (Bartezzaghi, 1999; Koskela, 2000). In this new competitive and turbulent  environment, effective cost management information has become extremely important to  drive improvement efforts (Johnson & Kaplan, 1987).  本文来自辣.文~论^文·网原文请找腾讯3249,114
However, besides the environmental, managerial and technological changes occurred in the last thirty years, the existing traditional cost management systems are very similar  to the ones that have been used since the mid Twenties (Johnson & Kaplan, 1987). In the  face of all these changes, traditional cost account information has become mostly  irrelevant and even dangerous for managerial purposes (Ploss, 1990). According to  Johnson & Kaplan (1987), traditional management accounting information tends to be too  late, too aggregated and too distorted to be relevant for production planning and control.   The failings of the traditional management accounting systems have three important  consequences. Firstly, these systems cannot provide accurate product cost. Costs are  distributed to products in a simplistic and arbitrary way that usually does not represent the  real demand imposed by each product on the company's resources (Johnson & Kaplan,  1987). Secondly, traditional management accounting systems fail to stimulate decisions  that can affect the overall production result. Managers are sometimes encouraged to  accomplish short-term goals by reducing expenses with training and investment, or even  produce to stock. Although effective in short term, these decisions can seriously affect  future results (Goldratt & Cox, 1992). Finally, the cost management information provided  by the traditional systems is of little help to managers in their effort to improve  production performance. The information provided is past-oriented and too aggregated to  be useful in planning and control decisions, because these systems are developed mostly  to satisfy fiscal and financial needs. The lack of transparency allied with the lack of  timeliness prevents the traditional cost information to help in the identification and  correction of production flow inefficiencies. 2435

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