Enterprise resource planning
ERP is an IT solution to provide a centralised IT application for business processes and functions within a company or group of companies. The term “Enterprise Resource Planning” was initiated in the early 1990s. ERP is a software solution that integrates information and business processes to enable information entered once into
the system to be shared throughout an organisation. While ERP had its origins in manufacturing and production planning systems, the scope of ERP offerings expanded in the mid-1990s to include other “back-office” functions such as order management, financial management, asset management and human resources management. The range of functionality of ERP systems has further expanded in recent years to include more applications, such as marketing automation, electronic commerce, sales and本文来自辣.文~论-文·网原文请找腾讯324.9114
supply chain systems. Common examples of ERP systems available include Oracle, Baan, PeopleSoft, and SAP R/3.
Slooten and Yap (1999) define ERP as: “an integrated, multi-dimensional system for all functions, based on a business model for planning, control, and global (resource) optimisation of the entire supply chain, by using state-of-the-art IS/IT technology that supplies value added services to all internal and external parties”.
Gupta (2000) suggested that it is not possible to think of an ERP system without a sophisticated IT infrastructure. He suggests that ERP is an expression of the inseparability of business and IT. Out of more than 100 ERP providers worldwide, SAP/R3, Oracle, J.D. Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Baan collectively called the “Big Five” of ERP software control approximately 70 per cent of the ERP market share. The case
organisation chose SAP-R/3 for all its corporate operations.
ADSL通信技术应用与光纤通信技术应用实习报告The original Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing (SAP) concept was to provide customers the ability to interact with a common corporate database for a comprehensive range of applications. Gradually, the applications have been assembled and today many corporations, including IBM and Microsoft, are using SAP products to run their own businesses. SAP applications, built around their latest R/3
system, provide the capability to manage financial, asset, and cost accounting, production operations and materials, personnel, plants, and archived documents. The R/3 system runs on a number of platforms including Windows NT and uses the client/server model. The latest version of R/3 includes a comprehensive internet-enabled package.
SAP R/3 is an ERP with a specific blueprint designed by the above international
software vendor SAP AG. It attempts to integrate IT with business process re-engineering. SAP R/3 provides sample business objects and business processes that
Figure 1.SAP levels of integration
aims to provide the best business practices found in successful companies and that can either be used “as is” or extended and customised by any company to suit its specific needs. SAP AG promotes that it has packaged 30 years of best business practices from many different industries in the form of its SAP R/3 blueprint reference model. The business blueprint within SAP R/3 concentrates on four key areas necessary for understanding business: events, functions, organisation and communication. Events are the actual driving force behind every business process, prompting one or more activities to take place. SAP R/3 is a modular designed and fully integrated application incorporating among others product supply, manufacturing, logistics, procurement, sales, operations planning and finance. Beretta (2002) depicts SAP in various levels of integration (Figure 1) incorporating information (data repository), cognitive (process visibility) and management (ownership and performance).
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