网上购物的电子支付方法英语文献和翻译 第2页

for online transactions, as well as from taking into account many factors, such as parallel physical distribution channels, the role of auction markets, or managers’ preferences, which are not common in payment choice studies. It is worth emphasising that, so far, the research concerning e-commerce supply side  has been rarely published2. According to the authors’ knowledge it has been the first work explaining the  problem of acceptation of payment methods by online shop managers3. This study focuses on Poland, which is the biggest market among  the  new  EU  member  states  (Eurostat,  2008)  and  records  extraordinarily  large dynamics of e-commerce development.
The paper  is  structured 论文网http://www.751com.cn/   as  follows.  Section  2  provides  a  brief  comparison  of  e- commerce4  in Poland and other EU member states, whereas Section 3 contains a description of the major methods of payment used in e-commerce in Poland and abroad. The conceptual research model and research hypotheses are presented in Section 4. Section 5 focuses on the methodology used in the study as well as on potential explanatory variables. The results of empirical research conducted on the basis of the logit model for  selected seven payment methods are presented in section 6. The last section contains the summary and conclusions.
2. E-commerce in Poland and other European Union countries

Owing  to  its  unusually  dynamic  development,  the  Internet  has  been  used  for  various commercial  purposes,  with  e-commerce  as  one  of  the  most  important  applications.  This market has already become a  vital segment of retail in many countries all over the world. However, the degree of e-commerce  development depends on many factors, including the availability of the Internet, the activity of users as regards shopping, customers’ trust in online transactions, and the amount of a  household’s disposable income per  capita (Oxley and Yeung, 2001). Consequently, there exist considerable differences in the use of e-commerce and payment methods in particular countries. Figure 1 illustrates the percentage of Internet users and online shoppers in the European Union in 2007. The percentage of online shoppers in the whole population (aged 16-74) was the biggest in the United Kingdom (44%), and only slightly lower in the Netherlands and  Denmark (43%) as well as in Germany (41%). The average percentage of online shoppers in the whole European Union (27 states) equalled 23%.

2    Zhang and Li (2006) were the first to analyze the choice of payment methods by individuals, considering together behavior of both buyer and seller at eBay auction system.
3   The problem of managers’ decisions on acceptance of payment methods was analyzed e.g. in works of Loke
(2007) and Arango and Taylor (2008); however these papers concern physical Points-of-Sale, not online transactions, and cover only cash and card payments.
4   In this paper the term e-commerce is used in a narrow sense and refers to the online market and transactions concluded via Internet.
4
Electronic copy available at SSRN: 
In Poland, 11% of the society shopped online, which ranked the country first among the new EU member states from Central Europe. It must be noticed that this result was only slightly lower than that recorded for Spain (13%) and higher than the one for Italy (7%) and Portugal (6%).

Figure 1. Percentage of Internet users and online shoppers in the European Union in 2007

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