Chapter One Proverbs Containing Dogs and Previous Studies on It
1.1 The Roles of Dog and Proverbs Containing Dogs
The role of dogs with humans is different in different periods. In their early roles, wolves, their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For example, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is one of the primary reasons for the domestication of the wolf. "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. They have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend" because they have lived and worked with humans in so many roles. People often enter their dogs in competitions such as breed-conformation shows or sports, including racing, sledding and agility competitions. The scientific evidence is mixed as to whether companionship of a dog can enhance human physical health and psychological wellbeing. There are many differences between dog and cats or any other animals. Have you ever notice that when you blow in a dog's face he will get mad at you? And he will stick his head out the window if you take it for a ride in the car. Cats are smarter than dogs. You can't get eight cats to pull a sled through snow. Dogs come out in both Chinese and English proverbs.
1.2 Previous Studies on Proverbs Containing Dogs
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In the graduation thesis of A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Proverbs Containing Animal and Plant Words written by Feng Xiaohui. The reason why different peoples can create different metaphorical proverbs about the same idea has discussed in detail. He made a comparative study on the Rhetoric Level and on the cultural Level. He tried to find connections between language and culture. And he had noticed the effect of different living environments, different living styles, different religious beliefs, studies of different values on proverbs containing animals including dogs.
In the thesis of English "DOG" and Chinese "GOU":Comparison on English and Chinese Cultural Connotations in Terms of Animal Words written by Yang Jing. He found that the words or phrase people use and the culture in which people live are closely related. Connotations of the words or phrases are in general closely related to the culture they are rooted in. we should be aware that the words or phrases we choose to use may lead to misinterpretations and misunderstandings. And in the thesis of The Comparison in the ”Dog” image in the Idioms Between English and Chinese written by Dong Xiaojin, he said that dog is humble in Chinese. It is a curse if one uses it to describe human beings. However dog for British and American people, both can be used to guard, hunting; it can also be seen as partner and love. In the thesis of A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms Containing Animals written by Dong tao. In ancient times, people around the world lived on farming; there should be some animals in common, such as cows, horses, rabbits, cats, dogs so on. The functions of these animals are quite similar all over the world. Thus, there is no doubt that some of the animals have same meaning between different cultures. For instance: “ Dog eat dog” 狗咬狗. Dogs are representing of loyalty both in English-speaking countries and China. To the English-speaking people, dogs are often regarded as one of the best friend of human beings. Dogs can be kept not only as watchdog but also as pets. They are kept because they are intelligent, loyal, dependable and being able to make good companions. Therefore, the dog is usually associated with positive qualities in the West. “Every dog has his day”, in this proverb his way does not mean common but mean the day when someone became success. We can translate it as 风水轮流转. “To put the dog”, It means that someone doesn’t t have lots of money in pocket when he or her makes the first appointment with lover he is also not dressed so brightly. And he or she borrows some money and clothes from their friends for the appointment. We can translate it as 充门面摆阔气. In chapter 3 named learning methods of animal proverbs; he proposed the theory of learning the cultural background of the animal idioms including dog idioms.
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