4. Incorporating KM into ERP implementation
Our contention is that for each phase (Analysis, Design, Construction and Deployment) of any IT project, knowledge will cycle through the four quadrants of the SECI model. The transitions within a phase can be considered knowledge steps. Thus, four knowledge steps make up a phase, four phases become a project, and multiple projects constitute the life of the ERP implemented system.
By explicitly identifying the KM steps within each project phase, we can improve an organization’s ability to manage its knowledge [9]. Four basic steps must occur to ensure that KM is properly leveraged. The deliverables will vary from phase to phase; however, the four knowledge steps will prevail in each. The progression through each phase is sequential (1 ! 4). At the end of step 4, the initiation of the next phase of the same or a new project begins at step 1 but at a higher implementation level.
One complete iteration of the knowledge spiral completes a single phase of the project.
Step1 in the socialization quadrant is the initial step of any project phase. This defines the boundaries of the overall phase and identifies the deliverables to be produced. Tacit knowledge from the employees and consultants and a high-level definition of the phase deliverables are coordinated. Veteran employees leverage previous project experience and novice employees use their freshly learned knowledge about tools and techniques to acquire tacit knowledge at this time. Tacit knowledge is passed between veterans and novices; this exchange is informal and continues throughout the phase.
Step2 occurs in the externalization quadrant. Knowing about the project and its deliverables, team members begin to formalize their tacit knowledge by interacting with the rest of the organization, thus starting to generate explicit knowledge.广西海湾之星游艇有限公司可行性报告
Step 3 in the combination quadrant is usually for large ERP projects, requires project teams to specialize in functional areas. This coordinates the explicit knowl- edge gathered by project sub-teams into a comprehensive view of the ERP system. Compromises and clarification are made so that the entire group understands the knowledge captured. This then serves the organization as a whole instead of serving only a section or functional area.
Step4 in the internalization quadrant allows for interpretation of the material gathered during the prior phases. Individuals in the team perform a holistic review of the explicit knowledge and the techniques used to gather it.This coordinates and adds new knowledge to the current explicit knowledge to create or augment the organization’s knowledge. It also identifies opportunities for system implementation and refines its outputs (new deliverables, improved documentation, improved training, and process refinements). The continuous improvement nature of this step is critical to the incorporation of knowledge into the ERP implementation lifecycle. These improvements are then provided to the team and organization at the start of the next cycle.本文来自辣.文,论-文·网原文请找腾讯752018766
By merging the Continuous Improvement Phase Model with the Revised Knowledge Spiral Model, we are able to generate a self-sufficient model for incorporating KM into ERP continuous improvement lifecycle .This model propagates refined knowledge from one project phase to the next and positions project deliverables for efficient use by the support group.
Each complete Analysis-to-Deployment cycle represents a single project. After the initial ERP implementation project, subsequent projects provide advanced functionality to ERP systems. The support group remains constant across all projects and guides the KM as it transfers from the deployment phase of one project to the analysis phase of the next. The Central Support Group is essential in storing, generating, distributing, and applying knowledge. It is important that users of this information repository play an active role in searching through information to coordinate actions. Though each project may have a distinct end, the overall knowledge process is permanent.
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