2. An Overview of Skopos Theory
2.1 Brief Introduction to Skopos Theory 学生信息管理系统数据库实训报告
Skopos Theory, is a major translation mode of German functionalist school. It was put forward in 1970s, which is originally written as “skopostheorie”. This theory did not come into being overnight and was mainly proposed and developed by German functionalists. And it has been playing an indispensable role in translation.
“Skopos” is a word originated from Greek which means “purpose” or “goal”. The purpose of the whole translation action is the most important principle of any translation process. There are three kinds of purposes: the translator’s principle purpose, the communicative purpose and the purpose of applying some kinds od translation strategies or translation process. In a word, translation is a purposeful activity.
2.2 Four Representative Scholars of Skopos Theory 本文来自辣,文^论#文~网，加7位QQ324_9114找源文
Katharina Reiss: As early as 1971, the publication of Katharina Reiss’s book named Possibilities and Limitations in Translation can be regarded as the beginning of the German functionalist approaches. In this book, she came to the idea of Functionalist theory for the first time. Reiss developed a translation criticism model on the basis of the functional relationship between source and target texts. According to Reiss, the ideal translation would be one “in which the aim in the TL(target language}is equivalence as regards the conceptual content, linguistic form and communicative function of a SL(source language) text” (quoted in Nord. 2001:91). As a matter of fact, Reiss herself was an outstanding and experienced translator. Thus, after much practice of translation work, she began to realize that equivalence could not be used in every situation. Besides, in some situations, it was even undesired. There must be a specific translation brief to guide the translation activity. As a result, the status of “functional category” was changed.金融危机下我国商业银行CRM的策略与研究
Hans J.Vermeer: Later, a student of Katharina Reiss named Hans J.Vermeer tried his best to create a bridge to link the theory and practice. In 1978, Vermeer published a book entitled A Framework for a General Theory of Translation, which was originally written in German, in the book, Hans J.Vermeer introduced the idea of Skopos Theory to the readers for the first time. Skopos Theory was considered as the comer stone of functionalist approach to translation. He considers translation to