数控车床外文文献及文献翻译
This chapter describes the latest developments in lathes and related turning technologies and industry. The evolution of the industrial manufacturing tendencies and their influence on the configuration of lathes and turning centers, as well as the technological developments induced by the same, will be described. These tendencies will also be connected to the main application sectors, their particularities, specific machines and technologies devoted to them. The most significant recent developments in process and machine components will also be addressed.
1 Introduction
The lathe is historically the basic machine for any cylindrical part manufacturer, from the smallest shop floors to high production lines, as well as for educational purposes, in schools, institutes and universities.
From the simplest hand operated machines, made up of one workpiece head and double carriage holding a single tool, evolution can be considered as incremental over the years, through the introduction of electronics, numerical controls (NCs) and mechanical compo nents with improved performance in terms of accuracy, speed, power and productivity, to put it in a nutshell. 数控车床外文文献及文献翻译
However, in recent years the turning industry has moved more than one step ahead, encouraged by industrial productive demands from the main manufacturing sectors, going from pure lathes to the current, very complex state of the art turning centers capable of completely manufacturing one workpiece in one set-up, from row to final part.
For this purpose, current turning centers integrate processes from rough turning to milling, drilling, grinding and even surface mechanical or thermal treatments such as laser hardening or roller burnishing. Moreover, these complex processes are supported by the application of complex multi-purpose and multi-process cutting tools and assisted processes via high level technologies such as laser and ultrasonic vibrations, and likewise a high degree of intelligence and automation developed and integrated into the latest generation NCs.
From the machine configuration side, multi-purpose or multi-task lathes or turning centers are equipped with multiple workpiece heads, turrets, milling heads with one or two rotation axes, supplementary grinding devices and high speed, short time workpiece loading systems.
Brought to this level of complexity by the leading industrial sectors such as automotive, land transport, aeronautics and energy generation, turning centers have acquired a high degree of flexibility and versatility, becoming in turn a necessity for the capital goods industry and general purpose manufacturers.
2 Machine Configuration
This section will describe the general tendencies in machine architecture and configuration, connecting them to their main purpose and target sector demands.
The chapter will avoid general purpose “conventional” machines to focus on the newest, most advanced differentiating developments, in new horizontal high production configurations, horizontal multi-tasking lathes or turning centers, vertical high production machines, vertical large size machines, vertical turning centers, and also multi-process machines including non-conventional processes or
special features and applications.2831
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