Programmable logic controllers can also be specified with a number of computer interface options, network specifications and features. PLC power options, mounting options and environmental operating conditions are all also important to consider.
2 。INTRODUCTION
For simple programming the relay model of the PLC is sufficient. As more complex functions are used the more complex VonNeuman model of the PLC must be used. A VonNeuman computer processes one instruction at a time. Most computers operate this way, although they appear to be doing many things at once. Consider the computer components shown in 本文来自辣,文'论#文^网,毕业论文 www.751com.cn 加7位QQ324,9114找源文 for both input and output for storage. (Note: the directions of these arrows are very important to engineers, always pay attention to indicate where information is flowing.) This figure can be redrawn as in Figure 2 to clarify the role of inputs and outputs.
Figure 2 An Input-Output Oriented Architecture
In this figure the data enters the left side through the inputs. (Note: most engineering diagrams have inputs on the left and outputs on the right.) It travels through buffering circuits before it enters the CPU. The CPU outputs data through other circuits. Memory and disks are used for storage of data that is not destined for output. If we look at a personal computer as a controller, it is controlling the user by outputting stimuli on the screen, and inputting responses from the mouse and the keyboard.
A PLC is also a computer controlling a process. When fully integrated into an application the analogies become;
inputs - the keyboard is analogous to a proximity switch
input -circuits - the serial input chip is like a 24Vdc input card
computer - the 686 CPU is like a PLC CPU unit
output - circuits - a graphics card is like a triac output card
outputs - a monitor is like a light
storage - memory in PLCs is similar to memories in personal computers
It is also possible to implement a PLC using a normal Personal Computer, although this is not advisable. In the case of a PLC the inputs and outputs are designed to be more reliable and rugged for harsh production environments.
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