is accurately assembled. For instance, Fig. 9 presents the assembly drawing of a coffee-cup injection mold, which is used to confirm the
relationship of each component.
Step 9. Mold testing and mass production: After completing the above eight steps, this final step is performed to test the mold on the injection
molding machine and implement mass production.
5. Verification and discussion
This study employs a cup-shaped beverage container to experimentally assess the performance of the modular design approach. Since the specification of structural units enables preprocessing of the initial unit shape and only requires local preprocessing to obtain precise dimensions during mold development, the total mold development time
will be significantly reduced. Table 1 lists mold development for a cup-shaped container and reveals that the mold development time employing a modular design is some 36% less than with the conventional process. Whereas the standardization of component specifications enabling batch
purchasing of materials which are combined with efficient manufacturing and design, can reduce total manufacturing costs. Table 2 lists mold development for a cup-shaped container and reveals that mold manufacturing costs when employing a modular design are reduced by 19∼23% compared with the conventional process. In addition, employing modular design has other advantages such as: 1. Increased persity of customer-oriented design: Modular design of beverage-container injection molds involves piding a mold into five key functional modules and 14 sub-functional structural units. A mutually compatible interface among units is created via the specification and standardization of inpidual
structural units. Moreover, product families with various function structures containing different types of cooling effects in mold insert cooling unit and different types of ejecting effects in the injection unit are defined. Each unit type is substitutable, facilitating product assembly and disassembly, enhancing design flexibility, increasing
producer ability to adapt to market variation, and fulfilling various types of customer demand. 2. Information provision to facilitate rapid product development: The use of coding system for standard functional modules and structural units enables the construction of a standard product development procedure. This procedure enables designers to quickly follow correct design steps and to further complete detailed injection mold design.
3. Effective management of the maintenance of products and molds: The developed coding system enables rapid response to repair inquiries by providing available components that are mutually replaceable from among
units held in stock. Furthermore, structural units of a product and information on product characteristics are coded using a specialized inpidual identification number to facilitate new product development.

6. Conclusions
This study applied modular design theory and principles in developing beverage-container injection molds. The standard operating procedure for developing mutually substitutable standard component mold designs has been demonstrated. This work only presents a single cup-shape and basin-shape container injection mold as a research vehicle for modular design, and yields valid results in terms of saving time and reducing manufacturing costs. Based on the database of standard structural units constructed for beverage containers, the application of computer-aided
design and computer-aided manufacturing can reveal the effect of modular design. Practical case studies indicate that the proposed procedure enables the design of standard components for various products and thus can considerably reduce working hours and costs. Thereby the proposed
approach is feasible in beverage-container mold design and is also applicable to other injection molds. For long-term mold development, the economic efficiency of batch purchasing owing to using common units for product families should be valuable. 注塑模具英文文献及中文翻译(5):http://www.751com.cn/fanyi/lunwen_14352.html