能源和建筑英文文献和中文翻译(4)

decade. The processes of DEC and IDEC and also the comfort zone
of evaporative cooling [15] on Psychrometric chart are shown inFig. 4a and b. In each plot, state point 1 shows the outdoor design
conditions of the investigated decade. Due to the effects of climate
change on outdoor moisture content, theWBT increases andWBD
decreases signiﬁcantly. Therefore it can be observed that the DEC
systemwithin the abovementioned assumptionsmay not prepare
thermal comfort condition. Fig. 4b shows that in the IDEC contains
two independent processes:
• The cooling process with constant humidity ratio (process 1–2).
• Evaporative cooling process with constantWBT (process 2–3).
Both of the above processes are affected by WBT and WBD. It
can be seen that in the recent periods the cooling effect in both
processes is reduced due to increase inWBT and reduce inWBD.
Clearly, climate change directly varies the processes of DEC and
IDEC systems. The values of the sensible, latent and total load
increase in the deﬁned periods in comparison to 1967–1976 are
calculated in Table 2. These results can be utilized for VC and
absorption systems to obtain additional energy required of these
The CDF is shown in Fig. 2. A CDF of 0.99, on the graph of this ﬁg-
ure, represents the 1% DBT which is equal to 37.23 ◦C (1997–2006).
The same method is used for CDF calculating of wet-bulb tem-
peratures. In Fig. 3, CDF for WBT has been shown. Based on this
graph, the 1%WBT is approximately 21.97 ◦C (1997–2006).
4. Results and discussion
4.1. Climate change in tehran and its effect on cooling equipment
The cooling equipment performance is dependent upon out-
door temperature and humidity. Therefore, more efforts should be
considered for selecting appropriate cooling devices, which can be
applied to high energy performance in a range of climate condi-
tions. In order to selecting suitable cooling equipment, which can
prepare thermal comfort, the outdoor design conditions should be
calculated. Design WBT and DBT for all conditions including cold
and hot seasons have been depicted in Table 1.
DBT and WBT design conditions have been calculated for 10-
year periods since 1967. Based on 1% design conditions, the outdoor
DBT for the Tehran has risen by 0.27 ◦C. Also, WBT has increased
by 3.28 ◦C. In other words, the Tehran humidity ratio has increased
about 0.0057 kgW/kgDA. Itmeans that in this citymore cooling loads
are required to prepare thermal comfort in 1997–2006 in compar-
ison to 1967–1976. As it may be seen in Figs. 2 and 3, CDFs have
an offset to the right side, indicating the increase of dry bulb and
wet-bulb temperatures in recent 40 years.建筑能源消耗严重受到气候变化的影响。它会导致室外设计条件、冷却和加热负荷发生重大的变化。在本文中, (1967 - 2006共有40年)每小时的温度数据考虑在内，对于四十年和户外设计条件每个都计算了十年。在前面的时期研究发现，这对设计和冷却设备的选择的影响是湿球温度(WBT)增加了3.28◦C。结果表明, 在整个1967年至2006年期间冷却时间预计将增加大约15%。最重要的结果发现本研究在1997年以后是不能直接用蒸发冷却(DEC)器准备舒适条件,而这些系统为德黑兰的建筑提供的热舒适从1967年到1996年。气候变化对室外的设计条件和冷却系统的性能影响的预测,直到2020年才能演示干球温度(印度生物技术部)与湿球温度增加1.05摄氏度和2.42摄氏度的区别。因此,间接直接蒸发冷却器(IDEC) 不可能对2016年以后的情况负责。此外,额外的能量吸收和蒸汽压缩(VC)冷却系统在未来会迅速发展。
2010 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利
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