常温磷化液的制备及应用

摘要本文对常温磷化液配方进行了研究，采用 ZnO、H3PO4、柠檬酸、硝酸、硝酸铜作为磷化液的基础配方，用氟化钠、乌洛托品、OP 乳化剂、硝酸镍、钼酸钠作为促进剂，选定五因素四水平 L16 (45)进行正交试验，筛选出最优常温磷化剂配方。正交试验结果表明：在配置的磷化液中，钼酸钠用量不宜太多，当钼酸钠超用量过 0.01g/L时，磷化膜的耐腐蚀性逐渐降低，本实验中钼酸钠加入量以 0.01g/L为好；增加氟化钠用量，磷化膜的耐腐蚀性能逐渐上升，本实验中氟化钠以 0.04g/L为好；乌洛托品属于强氧化剂，具有强酸性，增加乌洛托品的用量，磷化膜的耐腐蚀性能也在增强，本实验中用量在 0.02g/L时为好；OP 乳化剂的用量会直接影响磷化效果，本实验中把用量控制在0.02g/L 效果较优；硝酸镍应用于磷化液中主要起氧化剂的作用，会适当提高溶液的酸度，硝酸镍用量过多，则容易生成大量 Fe3+，造成大量沉渣附着金属表面，降低了磷化膜的耐蚀性能，本实验中硝酸镍用量控制在 0.1ml/L较好。所以，最佳的磷化液配方为：钼酸钠 0.01g/L、氟化钠 0.008g/L、乌洛托品 0.002g/L、 OP 乳化剂0.02g/L、硝酸镍0.1ml/L、 H3PO430ml/L、ZnO15g/L、柠檬酸 2g/L、硝酸3.5ml/L、硝酸铜 0.1g/L。关键词：常温磷化液；促进剂；耐腐蚀性能57145
The preparation and application of room temperaturephosphating solutionAbstract: In this paper, the room temperature phosphating solution.the was studied, using ZnO,H3PO4, citric acid, nitric acid, nitric acid copper as the foundation of the phosphating liquidformula, using sodium fluoride, methenamine, OP emulsifier, nickel nitrate, sodium molybdateas a promoter, selected five factors, four levels L16 (45) orthogonal experiment was carried out,select the optimal room temperature phosphating agent formula.Orthogonal experiment resultsshow that the configuration of phosphating solution, dosage of sodium molybdate is not themore the better, when the dosage of sodium molybdate super through 0.01 g/L, the corrosionresistance of phosphating film gradually reduce, the amount of sodium molybdate with 0.01g/L had better;Increase the dosage of sodium fluoride, corrosion resistance of phosphating film gradually increases, when the dosage of sodium fluoride is 0.04 g/L, the effect isbetter.Methenamine belongs to strong oxidizer, has the strong acid, increase the dosage of themethenamine, corrosion resistance of phosphating film was enhanced, when the dosage is 0.02g/L as well;OP emulsifier with more does not directly improve the effect of phosphate, also isnot as little as possible, control the dosage of 0.02 g/L effect is best;Nickel nitrate used in thephosphating liquid mainly have the effect of oxidant, will raise the acidity of solution, nickelnitrate dosage is too high, easy to generate a large number of Fe3+, forming a large amount ofdreg, attached to the metal surface, which reduces the phosphating film corrosion resistance,thus control the dosage of nickel nitrate 0.1 ml/L is better, the best phosphating liquid formulais: 0.01 g/L of sodium molybdate, sodium fluoride, 0.008 g/L, methenamine 0.002 g/L, the OPemulsifier 0.02 g/L, nickel nitrate 0.1 ml/L, H3PO430ml/L, citric acid 2 g/L, ZnO 15g/L, nitricacid 3.5 ml/L, nitric acid copper 0.1 g/L.
Key words: Room temperature phosphating solution; Accelerator; decay resistance

1 前言..1

1.1 常温磷化液技术简介.1

1.2 磷化的基本原理. 1

1.3 影响磷化液制备的因素.3

1.3.1 磷化工艺参数的影响.3

1.3.2 促进剂的影响..3

1.3.3 被处理钢材表面状态的影响... 3

1.3.4 磷化前表面调整处理的影响 4

1.4 磷化技术..5

1.4.1 磷化技术的分类. 5

1.4.2 颜色控制..5

1.4.3 磷化温度..5

1.4.4 泛黄、白粉及其控制.5