灵芝孢子粉多糖的提取与性能表征

摘要：采用水提醇沉法分别从灵芝子实体和灵芝孢子粉中提取多糖，通过单因素法确定了提取沪农灵芝子实体多糖的水提优化条件为提取温度 90℃、提取时间4h、料液比 1:40，醇沉优化条件为乙醇浓度 90%、乙醇体积比 5倍、醇沉时间 3h，以及沪农灵芝孢子粉多糖的水提优化条件为提取温度 80℃，提取时间3h，料液比 1:40，醇沉优化条件为乙醇浓度80%，4 倍体积比，醇沉时间为3h。通过采用正交实验进一步确认了子实体多糖的最优水提条件为提取温度 95℃、提取时间4.5h、料液比 1:45，最优醇沉条件为乙醇浓度95%、乙醇体积比 5.5倍、醇沉时间3h，在此最优条件下得到多糖提取率为 3.45%；孢子粉多糖的最优提取条件为提取温度 80℃、提取时间3.5h、料液比 1:40，最优醇沉条件为乙醇浓度 80%、乙醇体积比4 倍、醇沉时间2.5h，在此最优条件下得到多糖提取率为 1.08%。对提取出的两种多糖进行理化测定（pH 值，黏度），pH值总体呈偏酸性，孢子粉多糖更接近中性,子实体多糖的黏度更大。dpph 抗氧化测定发现低浓度时孢子粉多糖抗氧化能力更好，而高浓度时则是子实体多糖。通过红外光谱得到的数据分析，发现沪农孢子粉多糖和沪农子实体多糖含有的官能团基本相同。56813
毕业论文关键词：灵芝多糖；提取；抗氧化；高效液相；红外
The extraction and performance characterization ofpolysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum sporeAbstract：The polysaccharide was extracted through water extract-alcohol precipitationrespectively from ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and ganoderma lucidum spore.Theoptimized conditions of extraction of ganoderma lucidum fruit body polysaccharides wasdetermined by the single factor method .The optimized conditions is extracting temperature90℃,extraction time 4h,materia liquid than 1:40,90% ethanol concentration,ethanol volume 5times,alcohol sink time 3h.And the optimzed conditions of extraction of ganoderma luvidumspore is extracting temperature 80℃,extraction time 3h,material liquid than1:40,80% ethanolconcentration,ethanol volume 4 times,alcohol sink time 3h.By orthogonal experiments furtherconfirmed the optimal extraction conditions.The optimal extraction conditions of ganodermalucidum fruit body is extracting temperature 95 ℃, time of 4.5 h, material liquid than 1:45,95% ethanol concentration, ethanol volume ratio of 5.5 times, alcohol sink time 3 h, and at that tiome the polysaccharide extraction rate is 3.45%;The optimal extraction conditions ofganoderma lucidum spore is extracting temperature 80℃, the extracting time 3.5 h, materialliquid than 1:40, 80% ethanol concentration, ethanol volume 4 times, alcohol sink time 2.5 h,and at that time,the polysaccharide extraction yield of 1.08%. Overall ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharide is acidic,ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharide is closer to neutral.Fruitingbody polysaccharide of viscosity is bigger.Determination of DPPH antioxidant found that withthe increase of polysaccharide solution concentration, its antioxidant capacity is also rising.Byusing data obtained from infrared spectrum analysis,ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide andfruiting body polysaccharide were found to contain in the same functional groups.
KeyWords：ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide;Extraction;Antioxidant;High performanceliquid;infrared

1 综述·- 1 -

1.1 灵芝的研究概况·· - 1 -

1.1.1 灵芝多糖结构··- 1 -

1.2 灵芝多糖的提取方法· - 2 -

1.2.1 水提醇沉法- 2 -

1.2.2 超高压技术- 2 -

1.2.3 挤压法提取- 2 -

1.2.4 超声波-超低温冻融- 2 -

1.2.5 超临界 CO2 微乳萃取··- 2 -

1.3 本课题的研究内容、目的及意义· - 3 -

1.3.1 研究内容···- 3 -

1.4 本课题的研究目的和意义 - 4 - 灵芝孢子粉多糖的提取与性能表征:http://www.751com.cn/shengwu/lunwen_61391.html