摘要在我国几乎所有高等教育院校的学生大都要学习微积分导数内容，甚至一些院校的偏向人文社科的专业也要求学习微积分基本内容。可是由于学生们要接受一个从中学教育到高等教育环节的转变，加之微积分中导数内容所具有一定抽象性等部分原因，很多学生在面对有关导数概念和应用问题时还存在畏惧心理，不少学生把微积分导数的基本概念孤立看待，还在利用高中时候所惯用的方法来学习微积分和导数内容，不符合微积分所要求的思想方法，从而引起了对于应用导数知识来处理实际生活问题的能力有所不足。导数，作为微积分中最为重要的概念，同时也是掌握微积分的入门基础内容，是解决实际生活问题以及研究函数变化规律的有力工具，利用导数来研究函数性质变化规律比其他方法更为精确，可以定量分析以前很多没法分析的物理和经济问题等。43788

本篇论文采用收集数据实证研究的方法，通过设计一个关于大一新生对于运用导数解决实际问题能力的问卷调查，对有关数据运用spass统计处理数据进行分析，深入调查学生们对导数概念掌握情况和实际应用能力，并且利用excel制作图表展现不同专业，性别，以及高中和大学思维等的差异度，并征集学生们对于教学中基于自身学习状况所提出的建议，为教学改革和老师因材施教提供一个参考，提高学生在实际生活中对导数的应用意识，为后续学习工作打好基础。

毕业论文关键词：数学;导数;问卷调查;方差分析;实际应用能力

Investigation and Research on the ability of using derivatives to solve practical problems as a freshman

Abstract

Almost all students of higher education institutions must learn calculus derivative content, even professional humanities and social sciences also require some course of learning calculus. However, due to students need to accept the transformation from high school into higher education , moreover calculus derivative content is abstract , many students fear of the existence of Derivative concept and application issues ,a lot students treat concepts of calculus derivative in isolation, still using conventional methods of learning calculus and derivative when in high school ,which not meet the requirement of learning calculus , this will led to the inadequate capacity issues of applying derivative knowledge to deal with life problems. Derivative as the most important concepts of calculus, but also is the basics of learning calculus, and that it also is a powerful tool to solve real-life problems , using derivatives to study the function of variation is more accurate than other methods, in addition ,it can analyze physical and economic problems which cant not analyze before.

This paper uses the methods of collecting empirical research data which about freshman’s capacity to solve practical problems, according to the questionnaire data and use excel statistical processing to investigate the student’s capacity of using derivative concept to deal with practical application ,and use excel charting show the persity because of the difference of professions, gender, esc. Collecting the recommend from students about teaching methods based on their own learning experience, so it will provide reference for higher education reform ,and teacher can encourage students to improve their awareness of practical application in real life to lay the foundation for further study and work.

Key words: mathematics、derivative、questionnaire、variance analysis、the ability of practical application 

目录

摘要 - 2 -

第一节 绪论 - 5 -

1.1背景和意义 - 5 -

1.2国内外研究现状 一年级新生利用导数解决实际问题能力的调查与研究:http://www.751com.cn/shuxue/lunwen_44802.html