光电效应实验中若干问题的讨论

摘要有多种方法测量普朗克常量,不同的测量方法存在差异,针对不同方法的具体适用条件和精准度的差别,分别采用零点法、补偿法、拐点法测量普朗克常数，对比分析不同方法的误差，分析影响误差的因素,发现零点法误差较大在2.2%左右，补偿法的误差在1.7%左右，拐点法的误差在1.0%左右，提出遮光补偿法测普朗克常量,发现误差最小,约为0.4 %。针对不同波长入射光的伏安特性曲线中光电流存在的I365>I436>I405>I546>I577的现象,通过测量同一入射光经过不同频率滤光片的光强，探究造成这一现象的原因，发现这一现象并不仅由光强差异造成，还与光电管材料对于不同频率入射光的灵敏度不同这一因素有关。通过测量同一频率的入射光照射不同光阑孔径时饱和光电流的大小，验证了同一光照频率入射的情况下，饱和光电流与光强之间的确切关系，发现随着光强增大为原来的2倍，饱和光电流增大为原来的4倍。65342

毕业论文关键字: 普朗克常量饱和光电流入射光频率光阑孔径

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title : Photoelectric effect experiment discussed a number of issues

Abstract

There are multiple ways to measure Planck constant with differences between different measurement methods. Comparing and analyzing the error of different methods to analyze factors that influence the error with zero method, compensation method and Inflection point method according to the specific applicable conditions of these methods and the difference of accuracy in measuring Planck's constant. It was found that the error is at about 2.2% under null method, around 1.7% under compensation method, around 1.0% under inflection point method and the minimum error was about 0.4% when using shading compensation method to measure Planck's constant. Since different wavelength of incident light volt-ampere characteristic curve in the photocurrent shows the phenomenon of I365 > I436 > I405 > I546 > I577, by measuring the light intensity with the same incident light going through the different frequency filters the cause could be found. Research showed that this phenomenon is not only caused by light intensity difference, but also related to photocell material for different frequency of the incident light sensitivity. The exact relationship between the saturation photocurrent and diaphragm aperture was explored through experimental verification under the condition of the same incident light frequency which showed that as the diaphragm aperture increase for 2 times, saturation photocurrent increased four times as great.

Keywords: Planck's constant Saturation photocurrent Frequency of the light Diaphragm aperture

1 引言 1

2 理论基础 4

2.1光电效应的基本实验事实 4

2.2爱因斯坦光子理论的光电效应解释 6

2.3 实测伏安特性曲线与截止电压 7

2.4 普朗克常数的测量原理 10

2.5不同频率光电流伏安特性曲线及饱和光电流 11

2.6光强与饱和光电流的关系 13

3 实验与问题解决 14

3.1实验仪器[7] 14

3.2 实验试验前准备 14

3.3探究一、不同的测光电管截止电压的方法及不同方法测量普朗克常量的误差。光电效应实验中若干问题的讨论:http://www.751com.cn/wuli/lunwen_72928.html