多传感器全自动焊接系统英文参考文献和翻译(4)

weld, hot pass welding and for most of the ﬁll welding phase, it
is not ideal for the ﬁnal ﬁll layer and for the capping operation.This is because the laser sensor works on the principle of detect-
ing physical features of the weld joint. By the time the capping
layer is made, the physical features, such as the top edges of the
joint, may have been deformed and may not be found reliably. To
ensure reliable capping, a line tracking system(LTS) can be used.
To enable the line tracking system, a line is made on the sur-
face of the part being welded. This line is made automatically
during the root pass. It is a ﬁxed distance from the root of the
weld. The two common methods of making the line are by paint
(or ink) and by machining. In either case, the object is to pro-
duce a narrow well deﬁned line, typically 1–2 mm wide, which is
constant in width and is a constant distance from the root of the
weld joint. This line can then be used as a reference for the ho-
rizontal positioning relative to the root. Not only can this be used
in welding the joint automatically, it can also act as a permanent
reference and can be useful in post welding operations, such as
ultrasonic testing.
In the systems described here, the line acts as a secondary in-
formation source during ﬁll welding but as a primary information
source during automatic cap welding when the laser sensor is not
considered reliable enough.摘要：本文介绍了目前最新一代压力容器和造船系统。典型压力容器和造船焊接接头剖面要么是传统的V槽,对接,要么角槽或狭窄间隙或半窄间隙分布的概要文件。圆角和U形槽是普遍使用的重工业和造船中，并融化或加入到零件中。因为壁厚最厚可达到6英寸，或者更厚,所以必须焊接许多层,每一层包含若干焊接路径。然而,对于传统的焊接过程,如埋弧焊(SAW)和管状焊条电弧焊(药芯焊丝电弧焊) 需要很长的焊接时间。
虽然，管状焊条电弧焊通常是机械化的过程，到现在为止，压力容器、船舶结构的焊接过程，通常是被自动控制的。操作员通常是负责每个单独的定位焊接运行，设定焊接工艺参数，保持通量和导线的水平，以及除去炉渣等等。
该系统的目的是开发一种高速多焊枪的焊接系统，用于增加生产线上的生产速度，并减少现场对操作员的需要，因此，该系统可以自动运行完整的多焊枪、多层焊缝。要做到这一点，一个激光视觉传感器和一个特殊的图像处理算法就已经可以做出。此外，因为与常规的焊接工艺相比较高的焊接速度和较低的热输入，多焊枪焊接系统可以适用于细晶粒钢。
关键字自适应焊接多传感器数据融合焊缝跟踪焊接过程控制
1 引言
从最近传感器硬件和先进的软件的发展来看，考虑和研究自动化一些最困难的焊接操作问题是可行的。本文介绍了一些成功的应用于压力容器的制造，造船，海洋结构物的生产，以及钢管厂的自动化多道埋弧焊焊接作业技术。
由于种种原因，包括：
焊接接头的大小的
形成共同的配置文件的方法
从板到成形件的方法
在焊接过程中的热变形
不仅在一个零件与另一个零件之间，可以看到焊缝形状和面积发生的显著变化，而且在相同的零件也存在。例如，如果两个圆柱是因粘着性焊接在一起，而不是在焊接之前准确的布置，焊缝的形状和面积将按可预测的方式在部件的外周周围发生变化。这些变化就意着，该传感器系统必须不仅能够进行焊缝跟踪，而且还要能够对复杂的过程进行控制。虽然，自适应焊接已经使用了一段时间，而且得到好的生产业绩，但还没有成功地应用到一个如此复杂的应用程序中。多传感器全自动焊接系统英文参考文献和翻译(4):http://www.751com.cn/fanyi/lunwen_370.html