绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷的合成工艺

摘要近年来，烷基糖苷作为表面活性剂在工业生产中的应用不断兴起。作为一种新型的绿色表面活性剂，烷基糖苷以其低表面张力、优良的润湿力、强力的去污能力以及无毒无害的化学特性和稳定等特点在化妆品、食品等工业上得到了广泛的应用。27324
本文采用一步法制备烷基糖苷，包括短链的乙苷和长链的十二烷基糖苷。分别用阳离子交换树脂和磺化石墨烯进行催化，比较二者催化的效果。利用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对所得的产物进行表征。本文所采用的方法省去了传统的合成方法中低碳醇的使用，避免了低碳醇的带入对产品所造成的纯度影响，同时实现了较高的产率。实验结果表明磺化石墨烯催化剂不但可以承受较高的温度，而且其催化效率比阳离子交换树脂高，短链烷基糖苷合成中磺化石墨烯的催化效率高达95%-99%，长链烷基糖苷合成中磺化石墨烯的催化效率也可以达到90%以上。
关键词一步法烷基糖苷磺化石墨烯   高催化活性
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Synthesis of green surfactant-APG
Abstract
In recent years, APG has been widely used in industrial production.As a new green type of surfactant,APG acts a wide range of applications in cosmetics, food and other industries by virtue of its low surface tension, good wetting, strong cleaning ability and chemical properties of non-toxic and stable characteristics.
In this paper, we introduce a one-step way of preparation of alkyl polyglucosides, including short-chain acetyl glucoside and long-chain lauryl glucoside. We used the cation exchange resin and the sulfonated graphene as catalyst respectively, and draw a comparison of the catalytic effect between them. And we used the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the infrared spectroscopy to characterize the structure of the product. The method used in the paper eliminates the use of short-chain alcohol in the synthesis of long-chain alkyl polyglucosides, which would avoid the purity influence caused by short-chain alcohol, at the same time, it could raise the yield. We have concluded from the experiments that while the sulfonated grapheme act as catalyst, not only it could tolerate high temperature, but also it has a better catalytic effect than the cation exchange resin. The catalytic efficiency could be up to 95 to 99 percent in the synthesis of short-chain alkyl polyglucosides, and it could be more than 90 percent in the synthesis of long-chain alkyl polyglucosides.
Keywords One-step synthesis Alkyl polyglucosides Sulfonated graphene High catalytic efficiency
目   次
1 绪论1
1.1 表面活性剂1
1.2 烷基糖苷的基本概念1
1.3 磺化石墨烯3
1.4本论文研究意义5
1.5 本论文研究内容5
2 短链烷基糖苷的合成6
2.1 反应原理6
2.2 实验仪器与试剂6
2.3 实验方法6
2.4 结果与讨论7
2.5 本章小结13
3 长链烷基糖苷的合成14
3.1 反应原理14
3.2 实验仪器与试剂14
3.3 实验方法14
3.4 结果与讨论15
3.5 本章小结23
4 氧化石墨烯和磺化石墨烯催化能力的比较研究24
4.1 比较原理24
4.2 实验试剂和仪器24
4.3 实验方法24
4.4 结果与讨论24
4.5 本章小结25
结论26
致谢29
参考文献30
1 绪论
1.1 表面活性剂
表面活性剂指少量即可以让其两项混合体系的相界面状态产生明显变化的物质。表面活性剂具有固定的疏水亲水基团，可以定在溶液的表面向排列。表面活性剂具有两重亲和性：一端为亲水基团，常为极性基团；另一端为疏水基团亲水基团，常为非极性基团。绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷的合成工艺:http://www.751com.cn/huaxue/lunwen_21790.html