摘要：旱地两熟区是我国粮食主产区，其土壤肥力的高低直接影响粮食的产量。本文选取该区域中华北平原、黄土高原、江淮丘陵和川中丘陵区的典型小麦-玉米轮作制农田为研究样地，分析土壤养分丰缺状况，并进行土壤质量评价。结果显示，旱地两熟区土壤有机质含量为18.73±5.16g/kg，处于缺乏的状态，全氮含量呈中等水平，全磷含量为0.84±0.30g/kg；碱解氮含量为82.89±23.19mg/kg，处于缺乏状态，速效磷和速效钾含量分别为38.27±32.89mg/kg、157.01±90.16mg/kg，均处于丰富水平；区域间养分含量差异较大；旱地两熟区土壤质量指数范围在0.49-0.96之间，且与相应地区农田的小麦产量呈极显著正相关。以黄土高原、川中丘陵土壤质量最好，华北平原次之，江淮丘陵最差。因此合理施肥、秸秆还田和保护性耕作等精细农田管理措施将成为提高该区土壤肥力质量的关键。28131
毕业论文关键词：旱地两熟区；土壤养分；土壤质量评价
Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Soil Nutrients in Double Cropping Area of the Upland in China
Abstract: The double cropping area of the upland are the main grain producing areas in China, and the level of soil fertility directly affects the grain yield. In this paper, the typical wheat-maize rotation farmland in the North China Plain, Loess Plateau, Jianghuai Hills and central Sichuan hilly region is selected for the study of soil nutrient shortage, and soil quality evaluation is analysed. The results showed that the soil organic matter content of 18.73±5.16g/kg in the double cropping areas, in the state of deficiency, total nitrogen content was medium level, total phosphorus content was 0.84±0.30g/kg; soil available nitrogen content for 82.89±23.19mg/kg, in a lack of state, available phosphorus and available potassium content respectively for 38.27±32.89mg/kg、157.01±90.16mg/kg, are at a rich level.
The nutrient contents of the double cropping area were different. The soil quality index of the double cropping area was between 0.49-0.96 and the wheat yield of the farmland in the corresponding region was very significant. To the Loess Plateau, the Middle Hill, the best soil quality, the North China Plain, the worst of Jianghuai hills. Therefore, reasonable fertilization, straw returning and conservation tillage and other fine farmland management measures will be the key to improve the quality of soil fertility in the area.
Key words: Double Cropping Area of the Upland；Soil nutrient；Soil quality assessment
目 录
摘要 1
关键词 1
Abstract 1
Key words 1
引言 1
1 材料与方法 2
1.1研究区概况 2
1.2土壤样品的采集、制备及测定 3
1.3土壤质量评价方法 4
1.3.1土壤质量评价指标的筛选 4
1.3.2指标权重值 4
1.3.3指标评分 4
1.3.4土壤质量指数 5
1.4数据处理 5
2 旱地两熟区小麦季土壤理化性状特征 5
2.1土壤pH和电导率 5
2.1.1土壤pH 5
2.1.2土壤电导率 6
2.2土壤有机质、全氮和全磷 6
2.2.1土壤有机质 6
2.2.2土壤全氮 7
2.2.3土壤全磷 8
2.3土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾 8
2.3.1土壤碱解氮 8
2.3.2土壤速效磷 9
2.3.3土壤速效钾 9
2.4各区域养分含量丰缺程度 10 我国旱地两熟区土壤养分特征与质量评价:http://www.751com.cn/shengwu/lunwen_22872.html