摘要:百萨偃麦草(Thinopyrum bessarabicum Löve, 2n=14, JJ)携带多种重要的抗病和抗逆基因,是小麦改良的重要基因资源。为发掘和利用百萨偃麦草有利基因,南京农业大学通过高通量测序获得了百萨偃麦草盐胁迫后的转录组序列,并经过拼接共获得EST序列47877条。本文利用软件bowtie将百萨偃麦草EST序列与小麦第五同源群基因组序列进行比对,发现397条与小麦第五同源群基因组序列高度相似,选取其中100条设计引物,并在中国春、中国春-百萨偃麦草双二倍体和中国春-百萨偃麦草代换系DS5J(5A)上进行PCR扩增发现,其中有19对在5J上具有特异扩增位点,可以作为特异分子标记;结合前人开发的标记,共利用13个5J特异标记对前期选育出的12个涉及5J的变异体进行了分析,发现2个单株和一个株系涉及短臂小片段易位,1个单株为短臂端体,3个单株涉及长臂变异分别为为长臂等臂染色体i5JL•5JL,长臂小片段易位为T4BL•4BS-5J和缺失del5JL,3个单株和1个株系涉及大片段易位,其中16YJ1-6-3.3-5为复杂易位类型,同时包含大片段和小片段易位端体或缺失;刘志涛(2014)选育的16YJ127为纯合大片段易位株系,命名为T5JS.5JL-W#2。利用这些变异体,将3个新开发的标记定位于5J染色体不同区段,为进一步转移和利用其有利基因提供了基础。转录组测序与染色体工程相结合,可以加快小麦亲缘物种百萨偃麦草染色体特异标记的开发,结合染色体工程诱致的系列变异体,可以对分子标记物理作图和目标基因的精细定位提供帮助。35246
毕业论文关键词:小麦;共线性;百萨偃麦草;分子标记;转录组
Development and application of molecular markers specific for Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosome 5J
Abstract: Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosome 5J contains genes such as hardness, vernalization and dwarf status, representing an important gene resource for wheat improvement. After RNA-Seq, 4 Gb sequences were generated from a Th. bessarabicum transcriptome. De novo assembly produced 47877 sequences. Using bowtie software, 397 sequences of them were identified with high similarity to homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of wheat and 100 EST-SSR primer pairs were designed using these sequences. Amplification in Chinese Spring (CS), CS- Th. bessarabicum amphiploid and CS- Th. bessarabicum disomic substitution lines DS5J(5A) found 19 primer pairs produced specific bands in 5J and could be used as specific markers. Combined with previously identified markers, total 13 markers were applied to identify the chromosome constitution of 12 CS- Th. bessarabicum chromosome aberrations involving 5J which identified two plants and one line were small segmental translocations involving 5JS, one plant was telosome 5JS, three plants and one line involved variation of 5JL, and one homozygous line was T5JS.5JL-W#2. Based on these aberrations, three new developed markers were located to different segments of 5J. This result indicated that transcriptome sequencing combining with marker-assisted selection would facilitate chromosome engineering of wheat and help developing physical maps of alien chromosomes.
Key words: wheat; synteny; Thinopyrum bessarabicum; molecular marker; transcriptome
目录
摘要.3
关键词.3
Abstract....3
Key words ...3
引言..3
1 材料与方法..4
1.1 材料 ...5
1.2 序列比对与引物设计法...5
1.3 分子标记分析...5
2 结果分析..5
2.1 百萨偃麦草5J染色体特异分子标记开发 ....5
2.2 涉及5J变异的分子标记分析 5
3 讨论 .... 7
致谢.10
参考文献.10
百萨偃麦草染色体5J特异标记的开发与应用引言:由于集约化栽培和少数骨干品种的广泛推广,小麦遗传基础日趋狭窄,严重限制了小麦产量和品质的进一步提高,加剧了小麦应对生物和非生物胁迫的脆弱性[1]。小麦野生近缘种中携有丰富的抗逆基因,通过染色体工程可以将这些基因导入普通小麦,丰富小麦的遗传基础,提高小麦的抗逆能力[2]。百萨偃麦草(Thinopyrum bessarabicum Löve, 2n = 2x = 14, JJ)耐盐和兼抗多种麦类病害,是小麦改良的重要基因资源[3]。研究发现,小麦的第5部分同源群染色体上携有抗病、春化、抗寒性、产量和品质等有利基因[4],推测百萨偃麦草染色体5J可能携有有利的同源基因,对于拓宽栽培小麦的遗传基础具有潜在的应用潜力。诱致涉及不同百萨偃麦草染色体的易位系是精细定位、转移和利用这些基因的前提,而开发简单经济有效的PCR标记,有利于加快百萨偃麦草染色体工程[5]。二代测序技术(NGS)给禾谷类作物发掘其近缘物种的有利基因提供了一个有效的手段[6],例如,基于转录组测序的EST(expressed sequence tags)的 SSR(EST-SSR)标记开发,与传统的基因组SSR相比,更加简单高效[7],通过高通量测序,获得百萨偃麦草转录组序列,并通过拼接获得EST contig序列。刘志涛(2015)[8]利用这些EST序列开发了一批百萨偃麦草的EST-SSR标记并用于物理图谱的构建和易位系的鉴定。李晨旭等(2015)利用这些序列与已经公开发表的小麦D基因组框架序列进行比对分析,鉴定百萨偃麦草相对特异的基础序列,利用这些基础序列中的部分序列设计PCR引物、开发并定位一批染色体特异标记,并利用这批特异标记对细胞学鉴定出的中国春-百萨偃麦草易位系进行分析[5],这些标记在鉴定易位染色体身份和缺失作图中的有很大的应用潜力。 百萨偃麦草染色体5J特异标记的开发与应用:http://www.751com.cn/shengwu/lunwen_33099.html