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摘要以钛酸丁酯为前驱体，通过以阴离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂和非离子型表面活性剂作为模板，采用水热法制备得到锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粒子，使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶红外变换(FT-IR)等手段研究了不同类型的表面活性剂对制备的TiO2纳米粒子结构形貌及光催化活性的影响。结果表明，采用不同类型的表面活性剂为模板所制备的纳米TiO2粒子均为锐钛矿型，具有多边形形貌，粒子尺寸较小，分散性较好，在紫外光区(200nm~350nm)有较强的吸收。TiO2粒子的光催化活性通过在紫外灯（500W汞灯）为光源的照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙的效果来衡量，降解结果表明所有的样品均具有较高的光催化活性，其中以十二烷基磺酸钠作模板在酸性条件下所合成出的TiO2粒子具有最高的光催化活性。当对所制备的TiO2样品用还原法负载银之后，其光催化活性有了进一步的提升。8982
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关键词：二氧化钛 纳米粒子 表面活性剂 光催化 负载
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title The synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles with high activity and the study of photocatalysis decomposition of water
Abstract
The anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with the use of butyl titanate as precursor, the anionic surfactant, cationic surface active agents and the non-ionic surface active agents as template, and the products were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We investigated the morphology, the structure and the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles that synthesized by different surfactants. The results showed that all the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were anatase with polygonal morphology, small particle size, good dispersion and they had strong absorbance in ultraviolet region (200nm~350nm). The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 samples were measured by the degradation of certain concentration of methyl orange under the ultraviolet light (500W mercury lamp). We found that all the samples were all have a high photocatalytic activity, especially the nanoparticles that were synthesized by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate in the acidic conditions. When the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were loaded of silver by using the reduction method, its photocatalytic activity was simultaneously improved.
Keywords: Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles Surfactant Photocatalysis Load
1 绪论 1
1.1 纳米材料与半导体 1
1.2 TIO2与光催化 1
1.3 TIO2的制备方法 3
1.4 本文特色、研究内容及研究方案 3
1.4.1 本文特色 3
1.4.2 研究内容 4
1.4.3 研究方案 4
2 TIO2纳米粒子的制备与表征 5
2.1 TIO2样品的制备 5
2.1.1 实验试剂 5
2.1.2 实验仪器 5
2.1.3 TiO2样品的制备 5
2.1.4 TiO2负载Ag纳米粒子样品的制备 6
2.2 TIO2样品的表征 6
2.2.1 XRD测试 6
2.2.2 SEM测试 7
2.2.3 固体紫外测试 9
2.2.4 TEM测试 10
2.2.5 FT-IR测试 12
2.3 本章小结 13
3 光催化性能测试 14
3.1 甲基橙溶液浓度-吸光度的标定 15