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When the C# program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the CLR, which might take various actions based on the information in the manifest. Then, if the security requirements are met, the CLR performs just in time (JIT) compilation to convert the IL code into native machine instructions. The CLR also provides other services related to automatic garbage collection, exception handling, and resource management. Code that is executed by the CLR is sometimes referred to as "managed code," in contrast to "unmanaged code" which is compiled into native machine language that targets a specific system. The following diagram illustrates the compile-time and run time relationships of C# source code files, the base class libraries, assemblies, and the CLR.
Language interoperability is a key feature of the .NET Framework. Because the IL code produced by the C# compiler conforms to the Common Type Specification (CTS), IL code generated from C# can interact with code that was generated from the .NET versions of Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J#, or any of more than 20 other CTS-compliant languages. A single assembly may contain multiple modules written in different .NET languages, and the types can reference each other just as if they were written in the same language.
In addition to the run time services, the .NET Framework also includes an extensive library of over 4000 classes organized into namespaces that provide a wide variety of useful functionality for everything from file input and output to string manipulation to XML parsing, to Windows Forms controls. The typical C# application uses the .NET Framework class library extensively to handle common "plumbing" chores.
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C#语言与.NET Framework
本篇文章主要介绍了C＃语言，C＃是一种简单和类型安全的面向对象的语言，使开发人员能够建立一个安全和可靠的应用程序上的.NET Framework上运行范围广。你可以使用C＃创建传统的Windows客户端应用程序，XML Web服务，分布式组件，客户端服务器应用，数据库应用，以及更多，更多。微软的Visual C＃2005提供了一个先进的代码编辑器，方便的用户界面设计，集成调试器，以及许多其他工具，以促进快速应用程序开发基于版本的C＃语言和.NET框架2.0。