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Shaped profiles(corner steel,channels,1-beams)are finding more and more applications in industry.Thequality of straightening of these profiles must meet higher requirements:straightness of the strip;inappreciable deviation of the flanges and walls of channels and beams and also the shelves of corner steel from a perpendicular position;absence of bending of the wall of flanged profiles;absence of graduation marks on flanged profiles caused by the sticking of metal on the straightening rollers.7095
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The theoretical methods of rating available at the present time cannot be considered sufficiently reliable,while the experience accumulated by metallurgical plants in the use of roller straightening machines is not suffi-ciently utilized.This is apparently explained by the fact that in the norms put out in 1959 by the Staro-Krama-torsk Machine Construction Plant for roller straightening machines there were a number of objectionable conditions.As an example,one may site the"recommendation"that profiles of minimal dimensions from high-strength steel be straightened in several passes;this is completely unacceptable in modern,highly productive mills where pro-iles are straightened in a single pass.
On the basis of experience in the reconstruction and use of roller straightening machines installed in the technological stream behind the section mills of our plant,a number of recommendations were determined as to the choice of type,basic parameters,and structural peculiarities of roller straightening machines for straightening light profiles. In Table 1 are listed the basic data on straightening machines used at a number of plants for straightening various profiles. As is evident from the table, at section mills are used straightening machines of the open type with a console arrangement of the straightening rolls and machines of the closed type having supports from both sides of the straightening rollers. At the present time both types of straightening machines are in use at metallurgical plants for straightening light shaped profiles.
The continuity of the roiling process and the mechanization and automation of the rolling and finishing of metal require installation of roller straightening machines in a single technological stream. They should here by be able to treat a variety of rolled profiles; provide rapid replacement of the rolls and free access to them; and have indicators of the pressure of metal on the rolls on the pressure unit; vertical regulation both of the group of rolls and of each roll inpidually, a mechanism for moving the machine, and a wide range of straightening speeds.On the basis of the experience of our combine, such machines should be equipped with a cantilever crane with a telpher line.
Straightening machines of the dosed type are usually installed in sections for finishing rafts and beams of the rail and large-beam mills where during the process of straightening the metal considerable pressures are applied to the bearings; they are also installed behind small-section mills for multiple-thread straightening of profiles. For replacement of the straightening rollers and their adjustment, machines of the closed type require considerably more time than machines with console rollers.
The use of roller straightening machines in the section mill of the combine has shown that only rollers of a single row (upper and lower) can be used as drive rollers; the torque from the motor is transmitted through a two stage cylindrical reducing gear and idling gears situated in the housing of the machine itself. If in the assortment there are round profiles or channel to be straightened with flanges upward, then it is necessary to provide for the possibility of periodically connecting to the drive still another roller in the first triple (according to direction of passage through the machine).
Vertical rollers at the entrance and exit from the roller straightening machine complicate the mechanism and are not always justified. Practice indicates that it is necessary to install vertical rollers when' whole strips are placed on cold-rolling mills and they are cut into measured lengths only after cooling and straightening. It must be noted that the technological scheme cooling-straightening-cutting can better ensure mechanization of manual jobs in the section for hot finishing of the metal.