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    tion  generated  by  the  computer.  Of  course,  the  user can  al-      Fig. 7. 2-D strip layout solution for the sample stamped metal  part

    ways override the computer-generated strip layout by modifying the default solution with interactive tools residing in the CAD system.

    The prototype system currently holds 120 perse KS rules. The time to design an optimal strip layout for the above sample part was less than 30 minutes running on a personal computer with 2.4 GHz Pentium CPU and 512 MB of memory. This is sig- nificantly less than industrial practice, which is around 4–5 days to design strip layouts for parts of equivalent complexity.

    5 Conclusion

    The paper presented a knowledge-based blackboard framework for stamping process planning. The knowledge architecture con- sists of specialist KSs controlled by a strategy KS. A prototype system has been implemented in CLIPS interfaced with Solid Edge CAD system through C++. The system contains 120 KS rules. The system has been partially validated. The power of the current system is limited by its KS rule set. Future work is aimed at increasing the rule set for the specialist KSs and including new strategy KS to provide more powerful reasoning strategies. In addition, new graph theoretic strategy rules are being developed to solve specific sub-problems, e.g., a coloring algorithm for clustering various stamping operations.

    References

    1. Giarratano J, Riley G (1998) Expert systems: principles and program- ming, 3rd edn. PWS, Boston

    2. Fogg B, Jaimeson B (1975) The influencing factors in optimizing press tool die layouts and a solution using computer aids. CIRP Ann 24: 429–434

    3. Nakaham S, Toshio K, Tamura K, Asuke F, Soda C, Nakamura  T (1978) Computer aided progressive die design. Proceedings of the 19th Machine Tool Design and Research Conference. Macmillan, London, 1978, pp 1–12

    4. Murakami H, Shirai K, Yamada O, Isoda  K (1980)  A  CAD  system for progressive dies. Proceedings of the 21th Machine Tool Design and Research Conference, Macmillan, London, 1980, pp 587–591

    5. Bergstrom K, Kivivuori S, Osenius S, Korhonen A (1988) Computer aided design of progressive die. In: Chersot JL, Ohate E (eds) Mod- elling of metal forming processes. Kluwer, New York, pp  155–162

    6. Duffey MR, Sun Q (1991) Knowledge-based design of progressive stamping dies. In: Venkatesh VC, McGeough JA (eds) Computer-aided production engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 241–247

    7. Cheok BT, Foong KY, Nee AYC (1996) An intelligent planning aid for the design of progressive dies. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 210(B1):25–35

    8. Cheok BT, Nee AYC (1998) Configuration of progressive dies. Artif Intell Eng Des Anal Manuf 12:405–418

    9. Prasad YKDV (1994) A set of heuristic algorithms for optimal nesting of two-dimensional irregularly shaped sheet-metal blanks. Comput Ind 24:55–70

    10. Huang K, Ismail HS, Hon KB (1996) Automated design of progressive dies. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 210(B4):367–376

    11. Ismail HS, Chen ST, Hon KKB (1996) Feature-based design of progres- sive press tools. Int J Mach Tools Manuf  36(3):367–378

    12. Li CY, Li JJ, Wen JY, Xiao XZ (2001) HPRODIE: using feature model- ing and feature mapping to speed up progressive die design. Int J Prod Res 39(18):4133–4151

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