- 上一篇：聚氯乙烯管件注射模设计英文文献和中文翻译
- 下一篇：热电偶英文文献和中文翻译
photocatalysis, and leads to inactivate bacteria, viruses,
spores, yeasts (5).
This photocatalysis/biology interface has been pioneered
by the photoelectrochemical sterilization of microbial cells
by platinized semiconductors,which opened the door to the
application of photocatalysis to the life science and enlarged
its potential applications (6). In contrast to photocatalysis
applied to chemicals, photocatalysis applied to biological
targets remainedmainly focused on the treatment of liquids
and on self-decontaminating surfaces, mainly targeting
bacteria (especially Escherichia coli bacteria), viruses, fungi,
algae, and protozoa (7, 8). By contrast, despite the interest
in terms of public health and a large spectrumof applications,
the photocatalytic disinfection of contaminated air remained
scarcely studied, due to the complexity of working with
bioaerosols, which combines difficulties inherent to micro-
biology and to aerosol sciences. Works on bioaerosols
concerned E. coli, Microbacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis,
Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger,a
Candida famata yeast or theMS2 and λ phage viruses (9 13).
Our previous works were devoted to the UV-A photo-
catalytic treatment of flowing air contaminated by E. coli
and L. pneumophila (14, 15). This paper reports on the need
of photoreactors specifically designed for biological applica-
tions, since up to now, the chemical approach was themain
concern.Whentargeting biological agents, themainresearchs
concerned the increase in the biocidal propertiesmainly by
metallic promotion of the photocatalyst (5). In contrary to
works reporting on innovative designs proposed for removing
chemical pollutants and on the corresponding tools devel-
oped for their scaling-up, works for reducing the biological
contamination level by optimizing the reactor geometry
remained scarce, with few articles focused on the photo-
catalytic treatment of bioaerosols with reactor design
(9 11, 14, 15).
Novel designs of photoreactors should be engineered for
overcoming restrictive efficiency limitations and formeeting
the requirements for achieving a commercial implementation
(16). Paradoxically,many commercial photocatalytic devices
claimtheir efficiency for inactivating AMOs at high flowrates,
although a large part of them have only been designed and
tested for chemical applications, only assuming the risky
hypothesis that a similar efficiency toward pathogens was
reached.Results usually obtained raisemany questions about
the efficiencies of photoreactors for removing AMOs at high
flowrates, since theywere only assessed at lowlabscale rates.
However, more than in the case of VOCs for which any
concentration reduction is valuable, air treatment for reduc-
ing infections due to AMOs onlymakes sense if the removal
rate is high (see the dose response function to pathogenic
exposure fitted using a beta-Poisson law in Supporting
Information (SI) Figure S1).Commercial devices should thus
absolutely incorporate only highly efficient reactors. The
impact of AMOs on the photoactive surface appeared to be
critical, and the development of efficient photocatalytic
systems has to focus on that point. Hence, the design of
photoreactors for decontaminating bioaerosols substantially
differs from that targeting the treatment of chemical pol-
lutants and it appeared necessary to specifically develop
photoreactors devoted to the reduction of the biological
pollution under realistic conditions, like was done in Grin-
shpun et al. (12).
Recently, first-principles computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) has become a promising tool for the design of