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摘要：在PVC等塑料、建材加工行业，聚乙烯粉尘是比较常见的粉尘之一。由于许多塑料、建材加工企业对聚乙烯粉尘的相关危害没有深刻的认识，近几年来，关于聚乙烯粉尘爆炸事故的报道并不鲜见。本论文从国内外粉尘爆炸事故案例出发，分析聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的影响因素。针对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的特殊风险,研究聚乙烯粉体结构，物理化学特性，爆炸特征参数。通过哈特曼管实验,发现点火延时、浓度及粒径在聚乙烯粉尘爆炸风险评估中的重要性。采用GB/T16425-1996粉尘云爆炸下限浓度测定方法，得出聚乙烯粉尘爆炸下限约为20g/m3。粒径越小,同一浓度下粉尘爆炸的压力峰值Pm和压力上升速率峰值（dp/dt）m均越大。结合石化企业聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的案例，对聚乙烯加工生产及使用过程中的爆炸风险进行评估，并进行防护设计及研究，同时提出相应防范管理对策及方案。最终得出防爆设计图，有效调节氮气在装置中的填充，能有降低或减缓聚乙烯粉尘爆炸风险等级，减少聚乙烯粉尘爆炸事故的发生，对安全生产有着重大意义。6694
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关键词：聚乙烯粉尘；风险评估；粉尘爆炸；防护设计
Polyethylene Dust Explosion Risk Assessment and Protection Research
Abstract: In such as PVC plastic, building materials processing industry, polyethylene dust is one of the more common dust.In recent years, the reports about polyethylene dust explosion accident are not rare.Because many plastic, building materials processing enterprises do not have the profound understanding for polyethylene dust.The author analyzes the cause of polyethylene dust explosion from the dust explosion accident cases at home and abroad.For the special risk of polyethylene dust explosion，research polyethylene powder structure, physical and chemical properties characteristic parameters explosion .By Hartmann experiments，found that the ignition delay, the concentration and particle size of polyethylene dust explosion in the importance of risk assessment .Adopted GB/T16425-1996 dust cloud explosion limit concentration measuring method, derived polyethylene dust explosion limit is about 20g/m3.It has been demonstrated that the smaller the dust size,the bigger the explosion pressure and the pressure rise rate of polyethylene were.Combined with the polyethylene dust explosion cases of petrochemical companies ,evaluating the production and processing of polyethylene in the process of using explosion risk and protection design and research.At the same time, put forward the corresponding prevention management measures and solutions.Eventually coming out the explosion-proof design, effectively regulates nitrogen filling in the device, it will have reduced or slow polyethylene dust explosion risk levels, and reduce polyethylene dust explosion accidents of great significance to production safety.
Keywords: Polyethylene dust ; risk assessment ; dust explosion ; protection research
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 粉尘爆炸背景及研究意义 1
1.2 低密度聚乙烯粉体结构及特性 4
1.2.1 低密度聚乙烯粉体结构 5
1.2.2 LDPE物理化学特性 5
1.3 粉尘爆炸原理 6
1.3.1 聚乙烯粉尘爆炸条件 6
1.3.2 聚乙烯粉尘爆炸过程 7
1.3.3 聚乙烯粉尘爆炸后果 7
1.4 国内外研究现状 7
1.5 本课题的研究思路 9
2 实验研究 10
2.1 粉尘爆炸实验装置简介 10
2.2 爆炸参数 11
2.3 爆炸压力测试 11
2.3.1 实验方法 12
2.3.2 实验条件及步骤 12