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摘要：以稻麦轮作体系中的小麦季为对象，研究添加不同用量的生物炭对NH3挥发的影响，促进生物炭的科学应用。采取田间定位试验，共设4个处理，包括对照处理1个：N0B0（不施肥，不施生物炭）；N1B0（单施250 kg N/hm2氮肥）；N1B1（250 kg N/hm2氮肥与20 t/hm2生物炭配施）；N1B2（250 kg N/hm2氮肥与40 t/hm2生物炭配施），各处理3次重复。结果表明：与N1B0对比，N1B1处理的NH3挥发累积量显著下降11.60%，产量和氮肥利用率依次提高了20.36%和31.38%；而N1B2处理的NH3挥发累积量则显著增大了13.75%，产量和氮肥利用率依次提高33.56%和52.02%。虽然N1B2较N1B1处理的产量和氮肥利用率均有提高，但并未到达显著水平。得出结论，氮肥中添加不同用量生物炭，低用量（20t/hm2）生物炭可显著降低土壤NH3挥发，同时有效提高 小麦产量和氮 肥利用率。故可达到经济环境效益的综合最大化。30125
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毕业论文关键词：小麦；生物炭；NH3挥发；产量；氮肥利用率
Effects of biochar application on ammonia volatilization during wheat season in a rice-wheat annual rotation system
Abstract: To promote scientific use of biochar, the effects of different amounts of biochar application on ammonia volatilization were investigated during wheat season in a rice-wheat annual rotation system. A field experiment was conducted by setting four treatments, including one control experiments: N0B0 (no N fertilization; no biochar amendment); N1B0 (250 kg N/hm2 N fertilization; no biochar amendment); N1B1(250 kg N/hm2 N fertilization; 20 t/hm2 biochar amendment);N1B2 (250 kg N/hm2 N fertilization; 40 t/hm2 biochar amendment).Results show N1B1 treatment significantly decreased the cumulative NH3 volatilization by 11.60%, increased the wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 20.36% and 31.38% in relation to N1B0.While the N1B2 treatment significantly increased the cumulative NH3 volatilization by 13.57%, the wheat yield increased by 33.56% and the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 52.02%. Although N1B2 had higher wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency than N1B1 treatment, it did not reach significant level. So we draw a conclusion that different amounts of biochar in nitrogen fertilizer, low dosage (20 t/hm2) biochar can significantly reduce NH3 volatilization while effectively increase wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. So it can be integrated with economic and environmental benefits to maximize.
Keyword: Wheat; Biochar; Ammonia volatilization; Yield; Nitrogen utilization
目 录
摘要1
关键词1
Abstract1
Keywords1
引言1
1材料与方法2
1.1试验区概况 2
1.2供试生物炭和土壤 2
1.3试验设计3
1.4田间管理3
1.5样品采集与分析3
1.6数据处理和分析4
1.6.1 NH3挥发速率计算4
1.6.2数据分析与作图4
2 结果与分析5
2.1生物炭对土壤NH3挥发和小麦产量的影响5
2.1.1 生物炭对土壤NH3挥发速率的影响5
2.1.2 生物炭对土壤NH3挥发累积量的影响5
2.1.3 生物炭对小麦产量的影响6
2.2生物炭对小麦生物量和N吸收累积量的影响7
2.2.1生物炭对小麦生物量的影响7
2.2.2 生物炭对N吸收累积量的影响7
2.3生物炭对氮肥利用率的影响7
2.4土壤中NH4+-N和pH的变化8
2.4.1土壤中NH4+-N的变化8
2.4.2土壤中pH的变化8
2.5土壤NH3挥发与NH4+-N浓度的相关性分析8
3讨论9
3.1不同用量生物炭对土壤NH3挥发的影响9
3.2不同用量生物炭对小麦产量、生物量及氮肥利用率的影响10
4结论10
致谢10
参考文献12
生物炭对稻田小麦季氨挥发的影响
引言:氮素是作物生长发 育过程中必不可少的营养 元素[1]。人们在耕作时通过施加大量氮肥来提高作物产量、保证粮食供给。自20世纪70年代，氮肥 用量不断上 升[2]，中国已成 为施用氮肥最多 的国家[3]，总量约占世界的30%[4]。然而，氮肥施入土壤后，除被当季作物吸收 利用，还可被水淋溶或随径流损失，亦可经NH3挥发或反硝化作用以气体形式逸失[5-6]。因此不合理地施用氮肥将会带来严重的环境问题，如造成土壤酸化、大气污染和水体富 营养化等[7]。数据显示，我国施入土壤的氮肥中损失率达到了45% [8]。而在南方典型的稻麦轮作体系下，NH3挥发又是氮肥损失的主要途径[9-10]，约占氮肥用量的9-41%，且大气中的NH3有80-90%来自于农田[11]。因此，在稻麦轮作体系的基础上探究农田NH3挥发过程及数量，寻找有效措施降低NH3挥发并提高 氮 肥利 用率，对实现稻麦轮作合理发展与文持生态环境健康有着重要意义。