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摘要为了使两个或者多个掘进工作面按照其设计要求在预定地点正确的接通而进行的工作叫做贯通测量。它的基本任务是保证各项掘进工作面均沿着设计位置和方向掘进，使得贯通后结合处不超过规定的限度。贯通工作直接影响到隧道工程的质量，因此有必要对其方法进行系统的研究。39701
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我们通过一条隧道的平面图，在隧道内布设导线，确定导线的边长，设计测边的误差和测角的误差，确定贯通相遇点，最后利用间接平差的原理计算相遇点的横向贯通误差。当不能满足要求时，还需要加设陀螺边，设计陀螺边的方位角测量误差，通过误差预计的方法设计出陀螺边的条数和位置。
本文通过对隧道贯通导线的内容要求的学习，隧道测量方法的对比与研究，探讨应当注意的问题，将理论与实践相结合，对隧道贯通技术进一步的了解和认识，巩固自己所学，以便投入更好的工作中去。
毕业论文关键词：隧道贯通，贯通误差，导线设计，横向贯通误差
Abstract
In order to make two or more tunneling working face according to the design requirements in the intended location right through to the work is called Pierce survey. Its basic task is to ensure that the tunneling faces are heading in the direction of the design location and, makes the breakthrough after junction does not exceed the prescribed limits. Through work directly affect the quality of tunnel engineering, so it is necessary to research on the method of system.
We through a tunnel floor plan, layout wire inside the tunnel, determine the length of the wire, the design error and Angle error of edge, determine the breakthrough point, finally using the principle of indirect adjustment calculation met point of lateral error. When can not meet the requirements, needs to be added gyro, azimuth Angle measuring error of gyro edge design, design the gyro by using the method of error is expected to edge of the number and location.
This article through to the tunnel wire the content requirements of study, contrast and research of the measuring methods of tunnel, discuss problems that should be paid attention, combining theory with practice, understanding of tunnel breakthrough technology further and understanding, consolidate their knowledge, to put a better job.
Key words： Tunnel linking，Breakthrough error，Lead design，Lateral breakthrough error
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1国内隧道发展状况 1
1.2主要研究内容 2
1.3课题研究的目的和意义 3
1.3.1课题研究的目的 3
1.3.2课题研究的意义 3
2 隧道贯通误差 4
2.1 隧道贯通误差的分类及其限差 4
2.2隧道贯通误差的来源 4
3 地面导线测量误差 5
3.1洞口（近井）点的坐标误差影响 5
3.2地面控制网边的方向误差影响 5
4 联系测量误差 6
4.1 联系三角测量误差对定向的影响 6
4.2 气流和风力对定向的影响 6
4.3 目标偏心对定向的影响 6
5 井下导线测量误差 7
5.1测量水平角的误差 7
5.2测量垂直角的误差 7
5.3光电测距仪测边的误差 8
6 隧道贯通实例分析 9
6.1隧道概况 9
6.2 隧道导线设计 9
6.3 贯通点横向贯通误差的计算 9
6.3.1测边、测角精度等级（1） 10