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摘要本设计主要通过建立一个太阳追踪计算的算法和计算光伏阵列产能输出的模型来研究不同纬度下光伏系统的产能差异。研究方法包括利用Visual Basic 编程工具计算太阳在不同纬度和不同时刻在地球表面所能辐射到的太阳能，再用Simulink建立太阳能电池模块组的产能计算模型，将不同纬度下的太阳辐射作为可变的输入参数，考察纬度不同地区的光伏系统产能。太阳能电池组中串并联电池的个数，负载特性，本身的某些特定参数也作为输入参数，用以考察系统材料及结构变化情况下的产能差异。本设计的主要研究目的是要开发能准确预测光伏系统产能的计算方法，该方法能适用于使用不同光伏电池型号、系统安装的纬度以及各种排列方式的光伏系统产能预测。该模型能指导光伏系统的优化设计及选材。通过该毕业设计的研究发现，除夏季外，南京（低纬度地区）的产能普遍高于北京（高纬度地区），因此尽管在低纬度地区安装光伏系统经济性较高，高纬度地区的光伏电站在夏季也有非常好的经济效益。另外，温度变化 1 度时，最大功率点处功率变化在 0.08W-0.53W 之间，光强变化 1W/m2 时，最大功率点处功率变化约为 3.2W,光强的变化对最大功率点处功率的影响较为显著，光强变化效应是温度变化效应的 10 倍。61024
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毕业论文关键词 太阳能电池 Simulink 输出功率 可变参数 VB Title Solar cell production capacity forecast under changing spectrum
Abstract This design mainly establishes a solar tracking algorithms and a model which can compute PV array output capacity to study the capacity differences of PV systems under different latitudes.Research methods include the use of Visual Basic to calculate the the solar radiation at different latitudes and at different times , and building of the capacity calculation model of solar cell module group using Simulink in which solar radiation at different latitudes is used as variable input parameters to investigate the production capacity.The number of batteries in series and in parallel, load characteristics, their specific parameters are used as input parameters too to study the difference of production capacity while the composition of materials changes.The main research objective of the design is to develop a method which can accurately predict the capacity calculation of photovoltaic systems and can be applied to different models of photovoltaic cells, different system installation latitudes and PV system capacity forecasts of different arrangements.The model can also guide the optimization of photovoltaic systems design and the choosing of materials.With this graduation study a result was found that except in summer, Nanjing (lower latitude) capacity is generally higher than Beijing (higher latitude), so although economy is higher when PV systems are installed at lower latitudes, PV power plants at high latitudes in the summer also have very good economic benefits.Further,when temperature changes 1 degree, the power at maximum power point varies between 0.08W and 0.53W,when the light intensity changes 1W/m2, the power at maximum power point changes by approximately 3.2W,the impact of the change of light intensity is more significant for the power at maximum power point, effects of changes in light intensity is 10 times higher than the effect of temperature changes.
Keywords Solar cells Simulink Output power Variable parameters Visual Basic
1引言6
1.1世界范围内的能源与环境问题6
1.2太阳能的开发与利用7
1.3光伏发电7
1.4本文的主要工作9
2本文所需要的理论知识9
2.1二极管简介9
2.2光伏系统简介12
2.3MatlabSimulink简介14