2. Literature Review

In the 20s-30s of the 20th century, American has focused on the study of cross-communication, especially focused on the problems arising from communication between different countries with different cultural backgrounds. Cross-communication was first come up with by Edward T. Hall, an American anthropologist, and published a book called The Silent Language，which marks the birth of intercultural communication. In 1971, a famous American linguist put up with the communicative competence formally in his book on communicative competence, which adds up something on the base of Chomsky’s language competence. C. Kramsch (1993) pointed out that cultural factors always exist in foreign language learning.  

In China, many scholars have considered the importance of foreign language teaching and learning widely, they have also taken cultural awareness cultivation into consideration. Dating back to the 1950s, Mr. Luo Changpei(2011) had discussed the relation between language and culture in his book Language and Culture，in 1980s, Mr. Xu Guozhang(1987) published his book called Culturally-loaded Words and English Language Teaching, in which he pointed out that many words with equal outlook meanings in different cultures have different meanings and connotations due to different cultural traditions, values and so on. Except him, many other scholars like Deng Yanchang（2003）, Liu Runqin（2003, Hu Wenzhong（1994） and Gao Yihong(1997) also set foot in this field and devoted themselves in their career. They maintain that, to English major students, the objective of culture learning is more than a tool (English-grasping), more than being equipped with communicative skills to survive in modern society, and nothing like making themselves modernization. Several years later, Gao Yihong extends their view in her doctoral dissertation Foreign Language Learning: “1+1>2” (2001), she claims that language and culture learning in the best case will generate creative energy and elevate personality.