1.2 Introduction to euphemism

Euphemism has been functioning as one kind of “lubricants” in daily communication and in the exchange of information, to such an extent that “Without euphemisms，the world would come to a halt because of the friction，and resentments would arise among people.” ( Enright 113) In this chapter, the definitions, classifications and functions of euphemism will be introduced.

1.2.1 Definitions of euphemism

The Greek word “euphemismos” is the origin of the term “euphemism”. The prefix “eu-”  in Greek means “good” or “well” , while the root “ -phem-” means “speech”，and “-ism” is a noun suffix. Thus the word euphemism means saying pleasant and adorable words. In the early 1580s, George Blunt first pointed out the term “euphemism”. Later, more definitions are given in different ways of expressions as follows:来`自^751论*文-网www.751com.cn

(1) A polite, tactful, or less explicit term used to avoid the direct naming of an unpleasant, painful or frightening reality. (Webster 2323)

(2) Mild, agreeable, or roundabout words used in place of coarse, painful or offensive ones. (Rawson 11)

(3) A polite word or expression that you use instead of a more direct one to avoid shocking or upsetting someone. (Longman 2251)

Although definitions of euphemism illustrated above have been given in different ways of expression from different aspects, there are still quite a few shared viewpoints.  First, it can be seen that euphemism is a substitution of a gentle expression for a hard one. Second, it can make the communicators more comfortable without embarrassing or upsetting each other, and ensure them harmonious in the communication. Last but not least, most of these definitions are described from the perspective of semantics so that euphemism refers to a pleasant word, phrase or expression.