摘要本论文通过实验研究了机械化学处理重金属铅污染土壤的方法。对球磨过程中的球料比、球磨转速、球磨时间、球的选择、添加剂等实验条件进行比较研究，结果表明，当球料比为1：1，球磨时间为15小时，球磨转速为360r/min左右，使用7个小球进行球磨的球磨效率较好。进一步研究添加剂的影响，发现加入被球磨样品质量10%的九水硅酸钠，且在开始球磨时，先添加6ml乙醇，再每隔2小时补加5ml乙醇时，这样的球磨条件下球磨效果更好。在选定球磨条件下，将石英砂、沙子、土壤分别放入含铅的球磨罐内进行球磨，进过球磨处理后，样品中环境可利用铅含量明显减少，去除率分别达到91.4%、83.3%和68.5%。结果显示，机械化学是处理环境中重金属污染的有效方法，值得进一步研究。20392
毕业论文关键词：重金属，球磨，机械化学，ICP
Abstracr:This present paper use experiment to research the way to manager the heavy metal lead pollution in soil. A comparative study on the rate of grinding media to material, the milling time, the milling speed, the additive and the difference of balls, and etc., the rest showed that, when the rate of grinding media to material is 1:1, the milling time is fifteen hours, the milling speed is about 360r/min, used seven small balls to ball mill, in this conditions, the effect of ball-milling is better. To further study the effect of additive, find that add 10% of quality of the ball milled sample sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, and in the beginning of the ball milling, add 6ml ethanol, and add 5ml ethanol every other 2 hours, in this conditions, the effect of ball-milling is better than in other conditions. Under the selected condition of ball milling, put quartz sand, sand in to the steel jar which had lead inside, after ball milling, the environment available lead is obviously reduced, the rate of removal respectively are 91.4%、83.3% and 68.5%. The rest showed that, the mechanochemistry is an effective method for treatment of heavy metal pollution in the environment, it is worthy of further study.
KeyWords: heavy metal, ball mill, mechanochemistry, ICP
目录
1.前言 1
1.1 开题依据 1
1.2 文献综述 2
1.2.1． 重金属污染的治理 2
1.2.2． 机械化学 3
1.2.3． 重金属元素分析 5
1.2.4． 小结 6
2.仪器与试剂 7
2.1 仪器： 7
2.2试剂： 7
2.3 样品来源 7
3.实验内容 7
3.1样品预处理 7
3.1.1． 模拟样品的处理 7
3.1.2． 实际样品的处理 8
3.2实验方法 8
4.结果与讨论 9
4.1 机械处理实验条件的选取 9
4.1.1． 球磨时间 9
4.1.2． 球料比 10
4.1.3． 球磨转速 11
4.1.4． 球的选择差异 12
4.1.5． 添加剂 13
4.1.6． 小结 14
4.2 球磨完成后，溶解使用的酸的选择 15
4.2.1． 酸洗的结果测定 15
4.2.2． 讨论和分析结果 16
4.2.3．铅总量在球磨过程中的变化 16
4.3 用ICP和X荧光光谱仪测定铅含量，仪器的选择 17
4.3.1．用ICP和X荧光光谱仪测定铅含量 17
4.3.2．讨论和分析结果 18
4.4 检测土壤和黄沙中铅的含量 18
4.5 讨论 19
4.6 总结 19
致 谢 20 机械化学方法处理重金属污染土壤的研究:http://www.751com.cn/huaxue/lunwen_12153.html