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摘要本课题的目的在于利用CCD摄像机对锻件进行图像采集，通过对采集到的图像进行分析和计算，得到锻件的温度和尺寸信息，为实现锻件生产过程中温度和变形的自动化控制打下了良好的基础。利用CCD摄像机配合滤光系统，采集锻件的图像。利用图像处理软件，得到灰度值，再根据比色法，计算出锻件的表面温度。对实验结果进行误差分析，通过利用差值函数法、最小二乘法两种误差修正方法，对系统误差因子K进行修正。对比标准温度和经过两种误差修正后的温度，发现最小二乘法得到的数据更精确，原因在于利用差值函数修正时，K值的精度随标定数据的步长而变，标定的节点较少时，其精度也不高，而最小二乘法不受此影响。利用双摄像机，通过图像采集、角点提取、摄像机的标定设计出锻件尺寸测量系统。通过分析CCD视觉传感的特点，可知双目视觉传感系统是可测得物体三文形状的最简单系统。通过研究图像信号的获取、图像预处理、图像信息的提取以及摄像机标定等方法，可得到世界坐标和标定坐标之间的对应关系，从而设计出测量锻件尺寸的系统。7999
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关键词： 锻件； 温度； 变形； 视觉传感； CCD摄像机； 比色测温；
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title: Experimental Research on Visual Sensing of Forging Temperature and Deformation
Abstract
The purpose of the study is using CCD camera to do image acquisition of forgings analysising and calculating the images, we can obtain the information of temperature and deformation, which is the base of the automation control of forging.
By using image processing software, we can acquire the gray value of the images. According to the formula of colorimetric temperature measurement，calculating the surface temperature of forgings.
Analysising the error of the experimental results, we correct the system error factor K by using Least squares method and Difference method. Compare the standard temperature and amended temperature, we find: the data amended by Least squares method have a better accuracy. The reason is the accuracy of K is change with the step size of calibration data when using the difference method, if the quantity of demarcated node is short, the accuracy is not good enough, but the Least squares method is not affected.
By analysising the characteristic of the CCD visual sensor, we find that binocular vision sensing system is the most simple system to measure the three-dimensional shape of object. By researching the Image signal acquisition, Image preprocessing, Information extraction of images and calibration method of CCD cameras, we can finding out the corresponding relationship between the world coordinate and the calibrating coordinate, then design a system to measure the size of the forgings.
Keywords: Forgings; temperature; deformation; visual sensing; CCD camera; Colorimetric temperature measurement;
目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 锻件温度测量的基本方法 1
1.3 锻件尺寸测量的基本方法 3
1.4 锻件温度测量的研究现状 5
1.5 锻件变形测量的研究现状 7
1.6 本课题主要研究内容 9
2 比色测温原理研究 10
2.1 红外辐射的基本理论 10
2.2 比色测温原理 12
2.3 系统结构组成 15
2.4 系统软件选用 19
2.5 本章小结 20
3 锻件测温实验 22
3.1 锻件测温实验方案 22
3.2 实验图像处理 23