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    Abstract:nIis paper deals with a methodology for single gate location optimization for plastic injecdon mold Theobjective of
    the gate optimization is to minimize the warpage of injection molded pans,because warpage is a crucial quality issue for most
    injecdon molded parts while it is influenced greatly by the gate location Feature warpage is defined as the ratio of maximum
    displacement on the feature surface to the projected length of the feature surface to describe p',trt wmpage.The optimization is
    combined with the numerical simulation technology to find the optimal gate location,in which the simulated annealhag algorithm
    is used to search for the optimum Finally,arl example is discussed in the paper and it can be concluded that the proposed method
    is effective.Key words:Injection mold,Gate location,Optimization,Feature warpage3767
    INTRoDUCTION
    Plastic iniection molding is a widely used.tom—
    plex but highly efficient technique for producing a
    large variety of plastic products,particularly those
    with high production requirement,tight tolerance,and
    complex shapes.The quailty ofinjection molded parts
    is a function of plastic material,part geometry,mold
    structure and process conditions.The most important
    part of an injection mold basically is the following
    three sets of components:cavities,gates and runners,
    and cooling system.
    Lain and Scow(2000)and Jin and Lam(2002)
    achieved cavity balancing by varying the wall tllick-
    ness of the part A balance filling process within the
    cavity gives an evenly distributed pressure and tem-
    perature which can drastically reduce the warpage of
    the part.But the cavity balancing is only one of the
    important influencing factors of part qualities.Espe·
    cially,the part has its functional requirements,and its
    thicknesses should not be varied usually.From the pointview ofthe injection mold dcsign.
    a gate is characterized by its size and location.and the
    runner system by the size and layout.nle gate size
    and ruofler layout are usually determined as constants.
    Relatively,gate locations and ruiqner sizes are more
    flexible,which carl be varied to influence the quality
    of the part.As a result,they ore often the design pa-
    rameters for optimization.
    Lee and Kim n996a1 optimized the sizes of
    runners and gates to balance runner system for mul—
    tiple inj’ection cavities.The runner balancing was
    described as the differences of enhance pressures for
    a multi.cavity mold with identical cavities.and as
    difbrences of pressures at the end of the melt flOW
    path in each cavity for a family mold with different
    cavity volumes and geometries.The methodology has
    shown uniform pressure distributions among the
    cavities during the entire molding cycle of multiple
    cavities mold.
    Zhai“a1.(2005小presented the two gate loca-
    tion optimization of one molding cavity by an effi—
    cient search method based on pressure gradlent
    (PGSS),and subsequently positioned weld lines to the
    desired locations by varying rumler sizes formulti—gate parts(Zhai et a1.,2006).As large—volume
    part,multiple gates are needed to shorten the maxi—
    mum flow path,with a corresponding decrease in
    injection pressure.The method is promising for de.
    sign of gates and runners for a
    single cavity with
    multiple gates.
    Many of injection molded parts are produced
    with one gate,whether in single cavity mold or in
    multiple cavities mold.Therefore,the gate location of
    a single gate is the most common design parameter for
    optimization.A shape analysis approach was pre-
    sented by Courbebaisse and Garcia(2002),by which
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