- 上一篇：空调系统英文文献和中文翻译
- 下一篇：金纳米粒子的形状演化英文文献和中文翻译
Jilin Province has 2,790 species of TCM materials in total. In the key list from the national TCM resource investigation, there are 363 species among which 137 species are found in Jilin Province amounting to 37.7% [9]. More than 40 species of the TCM materials found in Jilin Province hold more than half of their natural storage of the whole nation. Over 20% of the TCM materials in common use are from Jilin Province. Ginseng, deer antler, and wood frog fat have long been sold to over 50 counties and regions for their superior quality, large quantity, and reputable origin (Table 1).
The GAP demonstrative areas for TCM were established in Jilin Province in 2000, and the technical supporting system and demonstrational system have been founded, resulting in the continuous development of GAP for TCM. The province has established 36 GAP bases for 22 typical TCM species, such as ginseng and magnolia vine fruits. The total demonstrative area reaches 16,000 ha, which accounts for 60% of the total area for TCM cultivation in the province. Six GAP bases for four species have been authenticated by the State Food and Drug Administration of China; it ranks Jilin Province in the first position in the GAP base for these species in China. The geographical distribution map of GAP bases is shown in Fig. 1.
3. Development of technical supporting system of GAP for TCM
The key idea of GAP for TCM is production guided by modern technologies. The rules and regulations concerning GAP were drafted in 2002 by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, State Food and Drug Administration of China, and China National Group Corporation of Traditional and Herbal Medicine.
In recent years, the province has made considerable achievements in developments of techniques for environmental assessment of TCM cultivation area, variety selecting and breeding, pollution-free and standard cultivation, quality assurance system, and rational collecting and processing. This research and development work provided the GAP for TCM in the province with reliable technical supports. The GAP evaluation standards appeared strict and comprehensive; specialists in herbal medicine were whether they are suitable for China. The GAP evaluation standards contain 104 items for inspection, 19 of which are crucial; a single failure to reach the standard would mean disqualification of this batch of herbal products. But the other items of inspection, contents were vaguely defined and considered less important. Standards are obviously vague. It is further improved.
4. Suitable cultivation site selection and environmental assessment
4.1. Cultivation area delimiting
Scientifically delimiting a suitable cultivation area for TCM is very important. The quality of TCM is greatly related to its origin. In the nationwide delimiting of TCM cultivation area, Jilin Province is listed in the northeast mesothermal zone. According to the geographic condition and suitability for TCM cultivation, the province has been pided into three areas for TCM cultivation [10]. The mountainous area in the east part is mainly for cultivation and husbandry of ginseng (Panax ginseng), wild ginger (Herba asari), manyprickle acathopanax root (Acanthopanacis senticosi), magnolia vine fruits (Schisandra chinensis), and wood frog. The hill land area in the central part is mainly for cultivation and husbandry of north thorowax root (Bupleurun chinense), balloon flower root (Radix Platycodi), primrose (Primula vulgaris), etc. The prairie in the west part is mainly for cultivation and husbandry of licorice root (Radix Glycyrrhiza), fangfeng (Radix Sileris), polygala root (Radix Polygalae), common anemarrhena rhizome (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), wolfberry fruit (Fructus Lycii), etc.
4.2. Environmental assessment
The environmental surveillance and assessment system has been established, and the monitoring and analyses on soil, atmosphere, and irrigating water have been done in the prime cultivation and husbandry area to keep the quality of the environment of those areas above grade 2 of the national standard. The monitoring and surveying work has covered over 100 cultivation bases in 32 counties or cities in the province.