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毕业论文关键词： 总平面防火设计；安全疏散；自动喷水灭火系统；自动报警系统
Fire System Design Of The Business Street
General description of the design：This design object is the business street with the total construction area of about 8906.3 square meters, a total of 3 layers, local of 4 layers. The 1st and 2nd floors have small shops, each shop has a small staircase connected to the upper and lower two layers. The south of 3 floor for office space, setting up an independent entrance; the north side and the local 4 layers are respectively arranged the restaurant and teahouse. The main content of the design, the general layout of the building fire design, building smoke control design, safety evacuation design, indoor and outdoor fire hydrant design, automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system design, fire configurator calculation, automatic fire alarm system design.
In the general plan of building fire protection design, because the building is 4 floors, belong to the multi-storey civil building, the building height of 22m, its fire resistance grade is not less than two, and the fire distance between the surrounding high-rise buildings should not be less than 9m. Also due to the commercial street along the street length is longer, so using of fire ring road, through the building fire lane width is 7m, height is 4.2m.
"Building regulations" on the multi-storey civil building fire zoning regulations, the building in the one or two, three layers of each pision of the 2 fire zone; the four layer is an independent fire zone. And because of the persity of the building function, anti smoke compartmentation pision in accordance with the independent shops, independent office, walkways for separate smoke prevention zone, restaurant, teahouse overall as an independent smoke preventing zoning; each layer of the stairs in the vertical direction for a smoke prevention zone. In addition to the third floor of the room in the corridor to setting up mechanical smoke exhaust system, the rest of the area due to open the window, it is only designed for natural smoke. The smoke exhaust fan is arranged on the roof, and the smoke exhaust fan is directly activated by the fire control signal when the fire is on. In the aisle to choose 800mm * 630mm normally open type common air shutter, the fan selected DWT- I - No. 10 axial-flow roof ventilator, Air flow rate is 24000m3/h, wind pressure 125Pa, speed 560r/min, installed capacity 1.5kw, noise 69dB (A).
In the building because of the overall level of a small shop, so there are 16 security exports. Each shop has a small staircase connected to the upper and lower two floors; the 3 side of the office area, set up a separate entrance as well as the aisle; the staircase between the use of smoke proof staircase, and with an open window. The net width of the safe exit is designed as 3m; the net width of the aisle and stairs is designed as 2m.
In order to be able to effectively put out the fire source in the early stage of the fire, the fire extinguisher collocation point is arranged in the building. The type of fire in the design site is as follows: A solid material fire and E electrical equipment fire. The building fire risk level is a serious danger. So the single fire extinguisher is the minimum configuration of fire rating is 3A, the maximum level of unit fire protection area of 50 (m2 /A). Each layer (except 4) set up 9 fire extinguisher collocation points, each set point to set up 2 portable ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher (type MF/ABC5), the maximum protection distance is 15m.
At the same time, in order to meet the fire rescue, around the commercial street set four outdoor fire hydrant, is located adjacent to the residential and commercial street in the middle of the road, are on the ground hydrant; and in the vicinity of 5m set 4 fire pump adapters, to supplement buildings for fire extinguishing water, setting on the ground. The design of indoor fire hydrant water for 40L/s, design of 9 water supply pipe, water gun nozzle selection of 19mm fire gun. Therefore, the choice of fire pump XBD5.5/45-125L, flow rate is 45L/s, head of 55mH2O, speed is 2900r/min, power is 37kw, the efficiency is 73%. In the underground next to garage, there is a 250m3 fire pool, indoor fire water are taken from the pool. In addition, the "spray rules" in the total construction area of more than 5000m2 and shopping malls, risk grade is two. System design flow is 1558.11L/min, bottom water pressure is 0.30815MPa. Selection model for the XBD3.2/40-125ISG spray pump, flow rate of 40L/s, the working pressure is 0.32MPa, the speed is 2900r/min, the power is 22kw, the efficiency is 76%.