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摘要：隧道地质超前探测及预报是工程地球物理中比较困难解决的问题之一，当前应用的一些例如工程地质推断、地质雷达探测、反射地震负视速度法、TSP和TRT等探测技术虽然都有一定的效果，但在目标判别、定位和岩体工程分类的可靠性方面还存在一定问题需要改进。在此情况下尝试研究电阻率探测方法，电阻率法是根据岩石电性特征和空间电场分布来推断岩石分布和性质的一种地球物理分支方法。电阻率超前探测, 就是在已经开掘完成的隧道中布置一系列电极, 通过研究掌子面后方的电场分布和视电阻率异常, 对隧道掌子面前方的地质体分布来进行探测, 具有勘探效率高、装置形式多样等特点, 尤为关键的是, 电阻率法对含水构造等低阻地质体的灵敏度高、分辨能力强,具有其独特优势。但探测距离较短，是困扰该方法实施的主要方面。本课题通过构建模型并且改变供电点位置、地质体深度、隧道深度以及地质体电阻率来模拟监测探测结果，对比找出最优条件以达到增大探测距离、增大信号强度和提高工作效率的目的。6765
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关键词：隧道；超前探测；电阻率；模型监测；有限单元法
Tunnel to Detect Simulated
Abstract: Tunnel geological prediction is an important one of engineering geophysics subjects. The techniques used now including engineering geology examination，GPR，TSP and TRT are efficient in some cases，but they need improving in reliability aspects of object recognition，position and rock engineering classification. So we can try to study the resistivity probe method to solve the problem. Resistivity method is based on the electrical characteristics of rock and spatial distribution of the electric field distribution and the nature of the rock to infer a branch of geophysical methods. Resistivity advanced detection, what is already digging a tunnel to complete arrangement of a series of electrode, through the study of electric field distribution in the rear of the constraints and apparent resistivity anomaly, the constraints of the tunnel geological distribution ahead to detect, such as high efficiency, convenient and flexible construction and devices in a variety of forms, Particularly critical is the resistivity of water-bearing structure such as low resistivity geologic body of high sensitivity and resolving power is strong, has its unique advantages. But the detection distance is shorter, is troubled by the main aspects of the implementation of the method. This topic by building model and change power supply point location, geological body depth and depth of the tunnel and geologic body resistivity to simulate the monitoring of the detection results, compared to find out the optimal conditions to increase the detection range, increase the signal strength, and to enhance the efficiency of the work.
Keywords: Tunnel；Advanced detection；Resistivity；Model monitoring；Finite element method
目录
1引言 1
1.1 超前隧道探测的必要性 1
1.2 超前探测的发展过程 1
1.3 超前探测的发展过程 2
1.3.1 直接探测法 2
1.3.2 地质分析法 3
1.3.3 物探法 4
1.3.4 地质物探综合分析法 7
2电阻率超前探测模拟 9
2.1 电阻率超前探测的局限性 9
2.2 电阻率超前探测模型及数值模拟方法 9
3电阻率超前探测模拟分析 12
3.1 供电点位置、地质体深度和隧道深度的关系 13
3.1.1 地质体深度的改变对视电阻率的影响 13
3.1.2 隧道深度的改变对视电阻率的影响 22
3.3.3 供电点、地质体深度和隧道深度的关系 34