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摘要杭州湾湿地类型多样，有河流、水库，湖泊等，资源丰富，分布广泛。与此同时，随着经济的快速发展，当地的土地资源过分开发，为了避免人地矛盾的加剧，人们开始了对湿地资源的利用。尤其表现多年的滩涂养殖和围海造田，城市建设用地和工业开发用地的增加。这样导致生态系统日益脆弱，环境污染加重，原有的湿地景观逐渐缩小，杭州湾湿地的生存和可持续发展遭受严重的威胁。本文将利用杭州湾地区历史围垦数据，以及20世纪80年代以来的遥感数据，分别从海岸线的变迁、围垦区面积变化，各种湿地类型的土地利用方式变化三个方面为调查杭州湾湿地的景观格局演变，揭示其发生变化的驱动力。研究结果发现，在社会发展的同时，城市的建筑面积逐渐扩大，水体、耕地以及林地的面积逐渐减小。整体来讲，各种景观要素的破碎度不断增大，景观的多样性和均匀度都在减小。究其原因：杭州湾属于淤涨型海岸，湿地的面积不断的增加，但增加的幅度与速率逐渐的减缓；城市用地的增加以及工业化的发展使得湿地面积逐年减少，增速和增幅完全大于湿地面积的增加速度和增加幅度。杭州湾湿地的景观格局变化的主要驱动力是人为因素。对此，我们只有通过合理的规划工农业和建筑用地，恢复水域的质量，对破损严重的区域进行修复，从而使整个湿地系统更好的发挥应有的价值，恢复其本来应有的自然风貌。52373
毕业论文关键词：湿地景观；杭州湾南岸；遥感；GIS；
Abstract Hangzhou Bay has a variety of wetlands, rivers, reservoirs, lakes, etc., rich in resources, are widely distributed widely. At the same time, With the rapid development of economy, local land resources in excessive development exploit concurrently, in order to avoid the intensified contradiction between human and land earth, people began to use of wetland’s resources. Especially, years of the mudflat aquaculture and land reclamation for many years, the increase increasing of the land for urban constructedion and industrial developedment. This leads to increasingly fragile ecosystem more vulnerable,environmental pollution is aggravating and pollution of the environmental more serious, the original wetland landscape get shrunk gradually narrowed, survival and sustainable development of wetland of Hangzhou Bay wetland suffered a serious threat to the survival and sustainable development. This article will use the historical Hangzhou Bay reclamation region history data, and the remote sensing data since the 1980s, investigate landscape pattern and evolution of wetland of Hangzhou Bay, revealing the power of evolution, from coastline moves, reclamation variation and land used changing of every type of wetland. respectively from the changes of the coastline, and reclamation area of change, various types of wetlands way of land use change on three aspects to investigate Hangzhou Bay wetland landscape pattern evolution, reveals the driving force of the change. The results showed that, In the development of the society at the same time society developing, the building area of the city area is gradually expanding gradually, water body, the area of water, cultivated land plowland and forest land decreases at the same time. Overall speaking, the degree of fragmentation of various landscape elements is increasing, landscape persity and evenness are reduced. Investigate its reason, Hangzhou Bay coast is a silting flat belong accretion type, he area of the wetland continuously increased continually, but the scope and rate of increase gradually be slowed down gradually. The increase of area of urban land and the development of industrialization makes the wetland area is reducing year by year, and the growth rate of urban an industry is greater than the increase in wetland area. The main driving force of Hangzhou Bay wetland’s landscape pattern changed is man-made influence the main driving force of human factors. We can make a reasonable programing of urban, industry and agriculture land, to restore water quality, repair the badly broken area. only through reasonable planning, industrial and agricultural and construction land, restore the quality of the water, repair the seriously damaged area, thereby, which makes the whole wetland system to better play their value better, to restore its original natural scene landscape.